Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is meant by a given state of consciousness. The study of variations in consciousness includes an examination of the sleep cycle, dreams, hypnosis, and the effects of psychoactive drugs.
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| 1387458159 | Consciousness | A person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior. | 0 | |
| 1387458160 | Altered State of Consciousness | State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness. | 1 | |
| 1387458161 | Depressants | Slows the functioning of the central nervous system, examples include; alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. | 2 | |
| 1387458162 | Stimulants | Speeds up the activity of the central nervous system, examples include; amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and tobacco. | 3 | |
| 1387458163 | Opiates | Provide loss of sensitivity to pain and induce sleepiness, examples include; codeine, morphine, and heroin. | 4 | |
| 1387458164 | Hallucinogens | Changes a person's perception, thinking, emotions, and self awareness, examples include; LSD, PCP, marijuana, and mushrooms. | 5 | |
| 1387458165 | Drug Dependence | A person's need for a drug in order to function normally. | 6 | |
| 1387458166 | Drug Addiction | The compulsive use of a substance, despite its negative or dangerous effects. | 7 | |
| 1387458167 | Drug Tolerance | To need a higher dose of the substance to attain the same effect. | 8 | |
| 1387458168 | Drug Withdrawal | To abruptly stop using the substance. | 9 | |
| 1387458169 | William James | Stream of Consciousness. | 10 | |
| 1387458170 | Sigmund Freud | He came up with the idea of manifest content and latent content. | 11 | |
| 1387458171 | Manifest Content | The images of the dream that a person can recall. | 12 | |
| 1387458172 | Latent Content | The deeper, underlying meaning of a dream. | 13 | |
| 1387458173 | Hypnosis | A state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion. | 14 | |
| 1387458174 | Suggestibility | Being readily influenced. | 15 | |
| 1387458175 | Basic Suggestion Effect | Gives people an excuse to do things they might not otherwise do because the burden of responsibility for their actions falls on the hypnotist. | 16 | |
| 1387458176 | Pain | Hypnosis is a handy way to help people relax and control pain. | 17 | |
| 1387458177 | Dissociate | Break a connection with something. It is used to relieve pain or a feeling through putting the attention of the subject to something else. | 18 | |
| 1387458178 | Ernest Hilgard | He is inventor of the Hypnosis as Dissociation. He thinks that while hypnotized the immediate conscious mind of a person drifts a way in some relaxed state. But a part of the mind ("hidden observer") stays fully aware of everything that's happening. | 19 | |
| 1387458179 | Social-Cognitive Theory of Hypnosis | It assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected from them in the situation. | 20 | |
| 1387458180 | Daydreaming | A form of consciousness involving fantasies that are usually spontaneous, they occur while a person is awake. | 21 | |
| 1387458181 | Walking Consciousness | When a person is awake and alert. | 22 | |
| 1387458182 | Adaptive Theory of Sleep | When a person sleeps to avoid the patterns of predators. | 23 | |
| 1387458183 | Restorative Theory | Sleep that replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage. | 24 | |
| 1387458184 | Non-REM Sleep | Sleep that encompasses stages 1,2,3, and 4. | 25 | |
| 1387458185 | REM Sleep | Sleep stage in which the sleeper experiences dreams, high brain activity, and sleep paralysis. | 26 | |
| 1387458186 | Sleep Stage 1 | The lightest sleep stage. | 27 | |
| 1387458187 | Sleep Stage 2 | The most common sleep stage in which the brain can still process auditory information. | 28 | |
| 1387458188 | Sleep Stage 3 and 4 | The two deepest stages of sleep. | 29 | |
| 1387458189 | Repression | Freud's theory that states that we forget dreams because they would produce anxiety if we remembered them. | 30 | |
| 1387458190 | Interference | The theory that states that we forget dreams because our brain is working to wake up. | 31 | |
| 1387458191 | Hypersomnia | Excessive daytime sleepiness. | 32 | |
| 1387458192 | Parasomnia | The behavior that disturbs a person's sleep. | 33 | |
| 1387458193 | Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder that causes excessive sleepiness and frequent daytime sleep attacks. There is no cure, but some prescriptions can control or reduce the symptoms. | 34 | |
| 1387458194 | Insomnia | Having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep through the night. Some drugs can help, therapy from psychologists can also help treat the symptoms. | 35 | |
| 1387458195 | Sleep Apnea | A common disorder in which a patient has one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. Lifestyle changes such as losing weight and quitting smoking can help control these symptoms, as well as a machine called the CPAP. | 36 | |
| 1387458196 | Night Terrors | Feelings of great fear experienced on suddenly waking in the night interrupting Non-REM sleep. Stress-reducing therapy can help reduce these symptoms. | 37 | |
| 1387458197 | Nightmares | Frightening or unpleasant dreams. Anxiety treatment can help reduce the symptoms. | 38 | |
| 1387458198 | Anesthetic Awareness | The situation that occurs when a patient under general anesthesia becomes aware of some or all events during surgery or a procedure, and has direct recall of those events. | 39 | |
| 1387458199 | Enuresis | Urination during sleep, typically occurs during stage 4. | 40 | |
| 1387458200 | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | The unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1 in which an autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death. Parents can prevent this by having their child sleep in a crib on their back in the same room as their parents. | 41 | |
| 1387458201 | Somnambulism (Sleepwalking) | A disorder that occurs when people walk or do another activity while they are still asleep, typically in stage 3 or 4. | 42 | |
| 1387458202 | role theory of hypnosis | states that hypnosis is not an alternate state of consciousness at all; some people are more easily hypnotized than others (hypnotic suggestibility) | 43 | |
| 1387458203 | state theory of hypnosis | Hypnosis meets some parts of the definition for an altered state of consciousness; we become more or less aware of our environments | 44 | |
| 1387458204 | dissociation theory of hypnosis | hypnosis causes us to divide our consciousness voluntarily; one part or level responds to the suggestions of the hypnotist while another part or level retains awareness of reality | 45 | |
| 1387458205 | posthypnotic amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion | 46 | |
| 1387458206 | posthypnotic suggestion | A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized | 47 | |
| 1387458207 | agonists | Chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell. | 48 | |
| 1387458208 | antagonist | A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors. | 49 | |
| 1387458209 | nonconscious level | Completely inaccessible to concious awareness (ex: body processes, invouluntary/automatic systems) | 50 | |
| 1387458210 | preconscious level | A level of mental activity that is not currently conscious but of which we can easily become conscious. | 51 | |
| 1387458211 | subconscious level | info you are not aware of, but it is known to exist based on on your behavior | 52 | |
| 1387458212 | unconscious level | A level of mental activity that influences consciousness but is not conscious. | 53 |
