Terms : Hide Images
| 2302614457 | addition rule of probabilities | Determines the probability of the union of two or more events. | 0 | |
| 2302616774 | alternative hypothesis | Denoted by H1, represents the opposite of the null hypothesis and holds true if the null hypothesis is found to be false. | 1 | |
| 2302627264 | analysis of variance | a procedure to test the difference between more than two population means | 2 | |
| 2302630469 | ANOVA | analysis of variance | 3 | |
| 2302633125 | bar chart | A data display where the value of the observation is proportional to the height of the bar on the graph. | 4 | |
| 2302635663 | Bayes' theorem | A theorem used to calculate P[B|A] from information about P[A|B]. The term P[A|B] refers to the probability of Event A, given that Event B has occurred. | 5 | |
| 2302648678 | biased sample | A sample that does not represent the intended population and can lead to distorted findings. | 6 | |
| 2302650279 | binomial experiment | An experiment that has only two possible outcomes for each trial. The probability of success and failure is constant. Each trial of the experiment is independent of any other trial. | 7 | |
| 2302653925 | binomial probability distribution | A method used to calculate the probability of a specific number of success for a certain number of trials. | 8 | |
| 2302657431 | central limit theorem | A theorem that states as the sample size, n, gets larger, the sample means tend to follow a normal probability distribution. | 9 | |
| 2302659885 | class | The interval in a frequency distribution. | 10 | |
| 2302660895 | classical probability | Reference to situations when we know the number of possible outcomes of the event of interest. | 11 | |
| 2302663277 | cluster sample | A simple random sample of groups, or clusters, of the population. Each member of the chosen clusters would be part of the final sample. | 12 | |
| 2302668397 | coefficient of determination | Term represents the percentage of the variation in y that is explained by the regression line. | 13 | |
| 2302726707 | r^2 | coefficient of determination | 14 | |
| 2302727878 | combinations | The number of different ways in which objects can be arranged without regard to order. | 15 | |
| 2302732424 | completely randomized one-way ANOVA | An analysis of variance procedure that involves the independent random selection of observations for each level of one factor. | 16 | |
| 2302735335 | conditional probability | The probability of Event A, knowing that Event B has already occurred. | 17 | |
| 2302737261 | confidence interval | A range of values used to estimate a population parameter and associated with a specific confidence level. | 18 | |
| 2302739573 | confidence level | The probability that the interval estimate will include the population parameter. | 19 | |
| 2302741111 | contingency table | A table which shows the actual or relative frequency of two types of data at the same time in a table. | 20 | |
| 2302743172 | continuous random variable | A variable that can assume any numerical value within an interval as a result of measuring the outcome of an experiment. | 21 | |
| 2302745871 | correlation coefficient | Indicates the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables. | 22 | |
| 2302749658 | cumulative frequency distribution | Indicates the percentage of observations that are less than or equal to the current class. | 23 | |
| 2302751065 | data | The values assigned to an observation or a measurement and the building block to statistical analysis. | 24 | |
| 2302753550 | degrees of freedom | The number of values that are free to be varied given information, such as the sample mean, is known. | 25 | |
| 2302756187 | dependent sample | The observation from one sample is related to an observation from another sample. | 26 | |
| 2302758190 | dependent variable | The variable denoted by y in the regression equation that is suspected to be influenced by the independent variable. | 27 | |
| 2302761234 | descriptive statistics | Used to summarize or display data so that we can quickly obtain an overview. | 28 | |
| 2302766875 | direct observation | Gathering data while the subjects of interest are in their natural environment. | 29 | |
| 2302768247 | discrete probability distribution | A listing of all the possible outcomes of an experiment for a discrete random variable along with the relative frequency or probability. | 30 | |
| 2302801356 | discrete random variable | A variable that is limited to assuming only specific integer values as a result of counting the outcome of an experiment. | 31 | |
| 2302804235 | empirical probability | Type of probability that observes the number of occurrences of an event through an experiment and calculates the probability from a relative frequency distribution. | 32 | |
| 2302807315 | empirical rule | If a distribution follows a bell-shaped, symmetrical curve centered around the mean, we would expect approximately 68, 95, and 99.7 percent of the values to fall within one, two, and three standard deviations around the mean respectively. | 33 | |
| 2302812935 | expected frequencies | The number of observations that would be expected for each category of a frequency distribution, assuming the null hypothesis is true with chi-squared analysis. | 34 | |
| 2302821950 | experiment | The process of measuring or observing an activity for the purpose of collecting data. | 35 | |
| 2302823324 | event | One or more outcomes that are of interest for the experiment and which is/are a subset of the sample space. | 36 | |
| 2302825286 | factor | Describes the cause of the variation in the data for analysis of variance. | 37 | |
| 2302826693 | frequency distribution | A table that shows the number of data observations that fall into specific intervals. | 38 | |
| 2302828440 | focus group | An observational technique where the subjects are aware that data is being collected. Businesses use this type of group to gather information in a group setting that is controlled by a moderator. | 39 | |
| 2302832909 | fundamental counting principle | A concept that states if one event can occur in m ways and a second event can occur in n ways, the total number of ways both events can occur together is m*n ways. | 40 | |
| 2302839746 | goodness-of-fit test | Uses a sample to test whether a frequency distribution fits the predicted distribution. | 41 | |
| 2302841011 | histogram | A bar graph showing the number of observations in each class as the height of each bar. | 42 | |
| 2302842924 | hypothesis | An assumption about a population parameter. | 43 | |
| 2302845664 | independent event | The occurrence of Event B has no effect on the probability of Event A. | 44 | |
| 2302850674 | independent sample | The observation from one sample is not related to any observations from another sample. | 45 | |
| 2302854874 | independent variable | The variable denoted by x in the regression equation is suspected to influence the dependent variable. | 46 | |
| 2302858680 | inferential statistics | Used to make claims or conclusions about a population based on a sample of data from that population. | 47 | |
| 2302862557 | interquartile range | Measures the spread of the center half of the data set and is used to identify outliers. | 48 | |
| 2302865891 | intersection | Two or more events occurring at the same time. | 49 | |
| 2302866705 | interval estimate | Provides a range of values that best describe the population. | 50 | |
| 2302869097 | interval level of measurement | Level of data that allows the use of addition and subtraction when comparing values, but the zero point is arbitrary. | 51 | |
| 2302873283 | joint probability | The probability of the intersection of two events. | 52 | |
| 2302875183 | law of large numbers | This law states that when an experiment is conducted a large number of times, the empirical probabilities of the process will converge to the classical probabilities. | 53 | |
| 2302879385 | least squares method | A mathematical procedure to identify the linear equation that best fits a set of ordered pairs by finding values for a, the y-intercept; and b, the slope. The goal of the least squares method is to minimize the total squared error between the values of y and yhat. | 54 | |
| 2302886911 | level | The number of categories within the factor of interest in the analysis of variance procedure. | 55 | |
| 2302889147 | level of significance | (alpha, a) Probability of making a Type I error. | 56 | |
| 2302894012 | line chart | A display where ordered pair data points are connected together with a line. | 57 | |
| 2302895825 | margin of error | Concept determines the width of a confidence interval and is calculated using z(subscript c)*omega(subscript xbar). | 58 | |
| 2302904130 | mean | Measure is calculated by adding all the values in the data set and then dividing this result by the number of observations. | 59 | |
| 2302911138 | mean square between | (MSB) A measure of variation between sample means. | 60 | |
| 2302914206 | mean square within | (MSW) A measure of variation within each sample. | 61 | |
| 2302915217 | measure of central tendency | Describes the center point of our data set with a single value. | 62 | |
| 2302916873 | measure of relative position | Describes the percentage of the data below a certain point. | 63 | |
| 2302923749 | median | The value in the data set for which half the observations are higher and half the observations are lower. | 64 | |
| 2302926417 | mode | The observation in the data set that occurs most frequently. | 65 | |
| 2302971945 | multiplication rule of probabilities | This rule determines the probability of the intersection of two or more events. | 66 | |
| 2302974931 | mutually exclusive events | When two events cannot occur at the same time during an experiment. | 67 | |
| 2302977684 | nominal level of measurement | Lowest level of data where numbers are used to identify a group or category. | 68 | |
| 2302980031 | null hypothesis | Denoted by Hnot, this represents the status quo and involves stating the belief that the mean of the population is <=, =, or >= a specific value. | 69 | |
| 2302985812 | observed level of significance | The smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis will be rejected, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is also known as the p-value. | 70 | |
| 2302990688 | one-tail hypothesis test | This test is used when the alternative hypothesis is being stated as < or >. | 71 | |
| 2302992359 | one-way ANOVA | An analysis of variance procedure where only one factor is being considered. | 72 | |
| 2302997448 | ordinal level of measurement | This measurement has all the properties of nominal data with the added feature that we can rank the values from highest to lowest. | 73 | |
| 2303044478 | outcome | A particular result of an experiment. | 74 | |
| 2303048110 | outliers | Extreme values in a data set that should be discarded before analysis. | 75 | |
| 2303049557 | p-value | The smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis will be rejected, assuming the null hypothesis is true. | 76 | |
| 2303053428 | parameter | Data that describes a characteristic about a population. | 77 | |
| 2303056245 | percentiles | Measures of the relative position of the data values from dividing the data set into 100 equal segments. | 78 | |
| 2303058198 | permutations | The number of different ways in which objects can be arranged in order. | 79 | |
| 2303059316 | pie chart | Chart used to describe data from relative frequency distributions with a circle divided into portions whose area is equal to the relative frequency distribution. | 80 | |
| 2303063307 | point estimate | A single value that best describes the population of interest, the sample mean being the most common. | 81 | |
| 2303065505 | poisson probability distribution | A measurement that is used to calculate the probability that a certain number of events will occur over a specific period of time. | 82 | |
| 2303067723 | pooled estimate of the standard deviation | A weighted average of two sample variances. | 83 | |
| 2303069171 | population | A number which represents all possible outcomes or measurements of interest. | 84 | |
| 2303071128 | primary data | Data that is collected by the person who eventually used the data. | 85 | |
| 2303073033 | probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur. | 86 | |
| 2303074149 | probability distribution | A listing of all the possible outcomes of an experiment along with the relative frequency or probability of each outcome. | 87 | |
| 2303077071 | qualitative data | Information which uses descriptive terms to measure or classify something of interest. | 88 | |
| 2303078738 | quantitative data | Information which uses numerical values to describe something of interest. | 89 | |
| 2303080914 | quartiles | Measures of the relative position of the data values by dividing the data set into four equal segments. | 90 | |
| 2303083007 | random variable | A variable that takes on a numerical value as a result of an experiment. | 91 | |
| 2303086378 | randomized block ANOVA | Analysis of variance procedure that controls for variations from other sources than the factors of interest. | 92 | |
| 2303088343 | range | obtained by subtracting the smallest measurement from the largest measurement of a sample. | 93 | |
| 2303090202 | ratio level of measurement | Level of data that allows the use of all four mathematical operations to compare values and has a true zero point. | 94 | |
| 2303093976 | relative frequency distribution | Displays the percentage of observations of each class relative to the total number of observations. | 95 | |
| 2303095452 | sample | A subset of a population. | 96 | |
| 2303096420 | sample space | All the possible outcomes of an experiment. | 97 | |
| 2303098775 | sampling distribution for the difference in means | Describes the probability of observing various intervals for the difference between two sample means. | 98 | |
| 2303100202 | sampling distribution of the mean | The pattern of the sample means that will occurs as samples are drawn from the population at large. | 99 | |
| 2303101922 | sampling error | An error which occurs when the sample measurement is different from the population measurement. | 100 | |
| 2303106219 | standard error of the difference between two means | The error describes the variation in the difference between two sample means. | 101 | |
| 2303112507 | standard error of the estimate | (s sub e) Measures the amount of dispersion of the observed data around the regression line. | 102 | |
| 2303115043 | Scheffe test | This test is used to determine which of the sample means are different after rejecting the null hypothesis using analysis of variance. | 103 | |
| 2303117488 | secondary data | Data that somebody else has collected and made available for others to use. | 104 | |
| 2303119442 | simple random sample | A sample where every element in the population has a chance at being selected. | 105 | |
| 2303121658 | simple regression | A procedure that describes a straight line that best fits a series of ordered pairs (x,y). | 106 | |
| 2303123903 | standard deviation | A measure of variation calculated by taking the square root of the variance. | 107 | |
| 2303134623 | standard error of the mean | The standard deviation of sample means. | 108 | |
| 2303340865 | standard error of the proportion | The standard deviation of the sample proportions. | 109 | |
| 2303341788 | statistic | Data that describes a characteristic about a sample. | 110 | |
| 2303343324 | statistics | The science that deals with the collection, tabulation, and systematic classification of quantitative data, especially as a basis for inference and induction. | 111 | |
| 2303349110 | stem and leaf display | This chart displays the frequency distribution by splitting the data values into leaves (the last digit in the value) and stems (the remaining digits in the value). | 112 | |
| 2303354932 | stratified sample | A sample that is obtained by dividing the population into mutually exclusive groups, or strata, and randomly sampling from each of these groups. | 113 | |
| 2303358515 | subjective probability | This probability is estimated based on experience and intuition. | 114 | |
| 2303361600 | sum of squares between | (SSB) The variation among the samples in analysis of variance. | 115 | |
| 2303364539 | sum of squares block | (SSBL) The variation among the blocks in analysis of variance. | 116 | |
| 2303368005 | sum of squares within | (SSW) The variation within the samples in analysis of variance. | 117 | |
| 2303369502 | surveys | Data collection that involves directly asking the subject a series of questions. | 118 | |
| 2303371829 | systematic sample | A sample where every kth member of the population is chosen for the sample, with value of k being approximately N/n, where N equals the size of the population and n equals the size of the sample. | 119 | |
| 2303377438 | test statistic | A quantity from a sample used to decide whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. | 120 | |
| 2303382587 | total sum of squares | The total variation in analysis of variance that is obtained by adding the sum of squares between (SSB) and the sum of squares within (SSW). | 121 | |
| 2303386245 | two-tail hypothesis test | This test is used whenever the alternative hypothesis is expressed as !=. | 122 | |
| 2303388234 | type I error | Occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when, in reality, it is true. | 123 | |
| 2303390459 | type II error | Occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when, in reality, it is not true. | 124 | |
| 2303393064 | union | At least one of a number of possible events occur. | 125 | |
| 2303393825 | variance | A measure of dispersion that describes the relative distance between the data points in the set and the mean of the data set. | 126 | |
| 2303395517 | weighted mean | Measure which allows the assignment of more weight to certain values and less weight to others when calculating an average. | 127 |
