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| 12299671446 | Indian | Misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous American peoples; implies social and ethnic commonalty that did not exist among Native Americans; still used to describe Native Americans. | 0 | |
| 12299671447 | Toltec culture | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. | 1 | |
| 12299671448 | Topiltzin | Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula. | 2 | |
| 12299671449 | Quetzalcoatl | Toltec deity; Feathered Serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god. | 3 | |
| 12299671450 | Tenochtitlan | Founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power. | 4 | |
| 12299671451 | Tlalo | Major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain. | 5 | |
| 12299671452 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. | 6 | |
| 12299671453 | Nezhualcoyotl | Leading Aztec king of the 15th century. | 7 | |
| 12299671454 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs. | 8 | |
| 12299671455 | Pochteca | Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. | 9 | |
| 12299671456 | Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. | 10 | |
| 12299671457 | Pachacuti | Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of the Inca Empire | 11 | |
| 12299671458 | Ayllus | Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor. | 12 | |
| 12299671459 | Twantinsuyu | Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastward into Bolivia and Argentina. | 13 | |
| 12299671460 | Split inheritance | Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to the successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy. | 14 | |
| 12299671461 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. | 15 | |
| 12299671462 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages. | 16 | |
| 12299671463 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential part of Inca control. | 17 | |
| 12299671464 | Inca socialism | An interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. | 18 | |
| 12299671465 | Yanas | Incan class of people who were removed from their ayllus and served permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or nobility. | 19 | |
| 12299676387 | quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records | 20 |
