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| 6543678174 | How was the dissolution of European empires different from the dissolution of previous empires in world history? a. It took place only in Africa. b. It generated a mass of new nation-states. c. It happened suddenly. d. It happened peacefully. | b | 0 | |
| 6543678175 | What was the "fatal flaw" of European colonialism? a. Its double standard of freedom and sovereignty for itself but not its colonies b. Its inability to extract resources from its colonies c. Its squeamishness at using force to rule its colonies d. Its promotion of nationalist ideology | a | 1 | |
| 6543678176 | Which of the following social groups in the colonies did NOT stand to benefit from national independence for African and Asian colonies? a. Western-educated African and Asian elites b. small-scale traders c. urban workers d. white landowners | d | 2 | |
| 6543678177 | Which of the following best characterizes the initial aims of the Indian National Congress (INC)? a. A violent revolution against the British rule b. Promoting loyal obedience to the British rule c. Gaining position of influence in British India to protect Indian interests d. Writing a constitution for a newly independent India | c | 3 | |
| 6543678178 | Which of the following best characterizes Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha ("truth force")? a. Building a base of support in the countryside among peasants from which to launch guerilla attacks on the British b. Confronting the British Empire nonviolently, choosing to suffer the consequences without surrendering one's ideals c. Throwing off British rule by any means necessary, and then conquering new lands as the British had done for a new Indian Empire d. Making India totally and permanently Hindu | b | 4 | |
| 6543678179 | What was Gandhi's attitude toward the prospect of a modern, industrial future for India? a. He was opposed to it. b. He actively supported it. c. He was not concerned with the future of India, only the present. d. He initially was opposed, but when he saw the beautiful factories in England, he changed his mind. | a | 5 | |
| 6543678180 | What was the most serious split that formed within the Indian independence movement? a. Between upper castes and lower castes b. Between Sikhs and Hindus c. Between followers of Gandhi and followers of Nehru d. Between Muslims and Hindus | d | 6 | |
| 6543678181 | What best describes the experience of India's partition into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India after independence in 1947? a. It was a mostly peaceful transition. b. It caused massive displacement of people, but no real violence. c. It happened in a carefully controlled way over a long period of time. d. It was horrendously violent and traumatic. | d | 7 | |
| 6543678182 | Why did white rule last almost 50 years longer in South Africa than it did in India (1994 versus 1947)? a. Blacks in South Africa were much better treated than Indians in British India. b. Blacks chose the path of violence, which was futile, as opposed to nonviolence, which the Indians used to great effect. c. A sizeable and powerful community of permanent white settlers in South Africa, but not in India, controlled the country. d. Gandhi never spent time in South Africa. | c | 8 | |
| 6543678183 | What kind of external pressure was put on South Africa's white leadership to end Apartheid and allow blacks to vote and have equal rights? a. NATO threatened to invade South Africa. b. Other independent African countries threatened to invade South Africa. c. The U.S. government loudly denounced the immorality of Apartheid and broke off diplomatic relations with the racist government. d. Sporting events, entertainers, and many large businesses boycotted South Africa, isolating it culturally and economically from much of the world. | d | 9 | |
| 6543678184 | What was the fate of many of the political parties that had led the movements for independence in Africa after independence was achieved? a. Most were soon swept away by military coups. b. Most remained popular for decades. c. Most splintered into different factions which gave rise to a vibrant democracy. d. In formerly British colonies, democratic systems remained, but in French, Belgian, and Portuguese colonies, military regimes quickly took power. | a | 10 | |
| 6543678185 | Which of the following is NOT an explanation offered by historians and scholars as to why democracy failed in so many African countries after independence? a. Africa's traditional culture is based on consensus and thus not compatible with multiparty democracy. b. Trying to take on immense economic development at the same time as a huge political transition to democracy is simply too much for any society to manage. c. They lacked natural resources. d. Unrealistic expectations for the future were followed by widespread disillusionment. | c | 11 | |
| 6543678186 | Why did many of the military regimes in Africa give way to a resurgence of Western-style democracy between 1980 and 2008? a. Most of the military leaders got too old to rule any longer. b. Most of the military governments also failed on their promise to bring about prosperity and peace. c. The military regimes could not get access to enough weapons or money to keep their power. d. The U.S. government actively funded any popular movement that sought to overthrow military dictators and replace them with freedom and democracy. | b | 12 | |
| 6543678187 | Which of the following is NOT a reason that most developing nations abandoned the state-run approach to building up their economies in favor of a privatized, free market approach, in the last decade of the twentieth century? a. The collapse of the Soviet Union b. The influence of international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) c. The clearly demonstrated benefits for the poorest segments of these countries d. The corruption and mismanagement of state-run corporations | c | 13 | |
| 6543678188 | Which group of developing countries have been the most successful in stimulating economic growth and industrialization? a. East Asian countries b. Middle Eastern countries c. African countries d. Central Asian countries | a | 14 | |
| 6543678189 | How did Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, view the role of Islam in the state? a. He based his ideas of the state on Islamic principles. b. He saw the public or political role of Islam as an obstacle to modernizing Turkey. c. He disliked the influence of Islam, but knew he was powerless to diminish it. d. He was determined to use the state to wipe out all traces of Islam. | b | 15 | |
| 6543678190 | In what way did Ataturk's modern Turkey show clear continuity with the past Ottoman Empire? a. Its leaders continued to wear tradition Ottoman dress. b. The use of Arabic as the official language was retained. c. Turkey's foreign policy once again focused its hostility on Europe. d. Modern Turkey remained for the most part a dictatorship with little political freedom. | d | 16 | |
| 6543678191 | What effect did the Westernizing influences under the Shah of Iran have? a. Iran became a well-functioning democracy. b. Iran was too traditional to be impacted by Westernization. c. It provoked an intense backlash leading to the Islamic revolution in 1979. d. It led to a bloody civil war between Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iran. | c | 17 | |
| 6543678192 | Which of the following was NOT part of the transformation of Iran enforced by the new Islamic rulers? a. Reverting back to a traditional economy b. Closing cinemas, bars, and discos c. Requiring all women to wear veils and loose-fitting dresses to hide their figures d. Patrolling public places with religious police to enforce Islamic law | a | 18 | |
| 6543678193 | What happened to the living standards in most of Africa between 1980 and 2000? a. They rose. b. They remained steady. c. They fell. d. They rose in some countries, but fell in others. | c | 19 |
