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summer ap world history Flashcards

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7177375247capitalisman economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.0
7177382958bureaucracya system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.1
7177384085aristocracythe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices2
7177386896absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.3
7177389006chiefdomA chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group.4
7177409947city statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.5
7177424978civilizationthe stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.6
7177432865codificationthe action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan.7
7187885027culturethe arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.8
7189840600deitya god or goddess9
7189860701demographythe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.10
7189861319dynastya line of hereditary rulers of a country.11
7189866150economicrelating to economics or the economy.12
7189892009empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress13
7189922530epidemica widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.14
7189950835feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.15
7194972016genocidethe deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation16
7194995185hegemonyleadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.17
7195000300hierarchya system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.18
7195012909ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.19
7195030515imperialisma policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.20
7195043552industrializationthe development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.21
7195142043manorialismManorialism or Seigneurialism is the name for the organization of the economy in the Middle Ages. The economy relied mainly on agriculture. Manorialism describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land. A lord received a piece of land, usually from a higher nobleman, or from the king.22
7195149369Marxista supporter of the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels23
7195156261medievalrelating to the Middle Ages. or very old-fashioned or primitive.24
7195164390mercantilismbelief in the benefits of profitable trading;25
7195187788migrationmovement of people to a new area or country in order to find work or better living conditions.26
7195192396monotheismthe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.27
7195193340nation statea sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.28
7195224807nationalismpatriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.29
7195226549neolithicrelating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.30
7195265439nobilitythe quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank.31
7195267866nomada member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.32
7195257373nobilitythe quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank.33
7195300933pandemic(of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.34
7195302652papacythe office or authority of the Pope.35
7195309474pastoral(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.36
7195322006patriarchalrelating to or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.37
7195329320periodizationPeriodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history.38
7195356029politicalrelating to the government or the public affairs of a country.39
7195364767polytheismthe belief in or worship of more than one god.40
7195374082proletariatworkers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).41
7195384942Protestantismthe faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches.42
7195609412rebellionan act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler.43
7195615429reformsmake changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.44
7195628450religionthe belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.45
7195640862revolutiona forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.46
7195650601seculardenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.47
7195661423serfan agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.48
7195668803shamana person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits, especially among some peoples of northern Asia and North America. Typically such people enter a trance state during a ritual, and practice divination and healing.49
7195688238socialrelating to society or its organization.50
7195694428statea nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.51
7195725743steppesa large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.52
7195729567suffragethe right to vote in political elections.53
7195733542syncretismthe amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.54
7195740577technologythe application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.55
7195752183textilesa type of cloth or woven fabric56
7195754424urbanin, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.57

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