Court Cases
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| 361876363 | *Fletcher v. Peck (1810) | State may not act to void valid contracts. | |
| 361876364 | *McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Implied powers of Congress and supremacy of Congressional acts | |
| 361876365 | *Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Power of Congress to legislate over matters that affect intrastate commerce, Court set broad definition commerce. | |
| 361876366 | *Wickard v. Filburn (1942) | Most expansive commerce Clause interpretation: aggregation of effects | |
| 361876367 | *Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) | Commerce Clause power allows Congress to eliminate acts of private discrimination | |
| 361876368 | *United States v. Lopez ( 1995) | Revival of federalism: Congress may not proscribe the carrying of guns in a school zone | |
| 361876369 | *Printz v. United States (1997) | Congress may not require state or local officials to fulfill the Federal government's statutory obligations, local officials can't carry out gun background checks. | |
| 361876370 | *United Staets v. Morrison (2000) | Commerce clause power does not support Congressional law "Violence Against Women Act" which federalizes the crime of battery against women, reduces scope of federalism. | |
| 361876371 | *Gonzales v. Raich (2005) | Congress may prohibit the local cultivation of marijuana for medicinal purposes under its Commerce Clause power | |
| 361876372 | Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) | Commerce clause power does not support a decision by the Attorney General to prosecute doctors for violation of the Controlled Substances Act who assist with a State-authorized "suicide" | |
| 361876374 | *Powell v. McCormack ( 1969) | Power of Congress to refuse to seat elected representatives | |
| 361876375 | Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983) | Legislative veto unconstitutional | |
| 361876376 | US Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995) | State may not impose term limits on U.S. congressmen | |
| 361876377 | Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency | Power of executive agency to decline to engage in rulemaking for policy or prudential considerations in face of Congressional directive | |
| 361876378 | Ex Parte Milligan (1866) | President, acting as commander in chief may not try citizens before military commissions when the civil courts are open | |
| 361876379 | *Younstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) | Power of the President as "commander in chief" is not absolute | |
| 361876380 | *United States v. Nixon (1973) | President does not have absolute privilege against production of relevant information in a criminal investigation | |
| 361876381 | Clinton v. Jones (1997) | Sitting President not immune from civil litigation in federal courts under separation of powers | |
| 361876382 | *Clinton v. New York City | Line item veto unconstitutional without Constitutional amendment | |
| 361876383 | *Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004) | "Enemy combatant" has right to challenge that designation before a neutral decisionmaker | |
| 361876384 | Rasul v. Bush (2004) | Foreign nationals held at Guantanamo have right to access U.S. courts | |
| 361876385 | Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) | Geneva Conventions apply to "enemy combatants" | |
| 361876386 | Boumediene v. Bush (2008) | Detainees at Guantanamo not barred from seeking habeas corpus | |
| 361876387 | Barron v. Baltimore (1833) | Bill of rights does not apply to States, overturned by Gitlow | |
| 361876388 | Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Public school prayer, can't do it. | |
| 361876389 | Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (1990) | Religious-based after-school club | |
| 361876390 | Employment Division, State of Oregon v. Smith (1990) | Peyote can't be used by a Native American under a free exercise reason | |
| 361876391 | Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah (1993) | Animal sacrifice, you can do it. | |
| 361876393 | *Zelma v. Simmons-Harris (2002) | School vouchers ok | |
| 361876394 | *McCreary v. ACLU of KY (2005) | Ten Comandment displays are ok in limited circumstances | |
| 361876395 | Pleasant Grove City v. Summum (2009) | Monument to seven aphorisms of Summum, not ok | |
| 361876396 | *Schenk v. United Staes (1919 | Time, place manner limitations on free speech "fire" in a theatre | |
| 361876397 | *New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) | Defamation by public figure: actual malice rule | |
| 361876398 | *Tinker v. Des Moines Independent community School District (1969) | Student rights can be limited in school easier than in public | |
| 361876399 | New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971) | Pentagon Papers case, prior restraint | |
| 361876400 | Miller v. California (1973) | Obscenity is not protected by First Amendment | |
| 361876401 | Texas v. Johnson (1989) | Desecration of U.S. flag protected symbolic speech | |
| 361876402 | R.A.V. v. St.Paul (1992) | Cross burning protected symbolic speech | |
| 361876403 | Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York v. Village of Stratton (2002) | Free speech when done for intimidation | |
| 361876404 | Morse v Frederick (2007) | Student speech, "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" not protected when at school sponsored event | |
| 361876406 | F.C.C. v. Fox Television (2009) | Station constitutionally fined when f-bomb dropped during live performance | |
| 361876408 | *Baker v. Carr (1962) | Legislative district apportionment justiciable | |
| 361876409 | Reynolds v. Sims (1964) | One person, one vote for state legislative districts: numerical equivalence | |
| 361876410 | Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) | One person, one vote for federal districts | |
| 361876411 | Buckley v. Valeo (1976) | Limits on individuals contributions ok; limits on expenditures not ok | |
| 363584561 | Shaw v. Reno (1993) | Racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional unless a compelling interest is shown | |
| 363584562 | *Bush v. Gore (2000) | Court rules on Florida voting procedure | |
| 363584563 | California Democratic Party v. Jones (2000) | Blanket primary violates First Amendment association rights | |
| 363584564 | *McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003) | BCRA mostly constitutional, soft money contributions mostly legal | |
| 363584565 | League of Latin American Citizens v. Perry (2006) | Partisan gerrymandering constitutional | |
| 363584566 | Federal Election Commissions v. Wisconsin Right To Life (2007) | BCRA limit on corporate funding of "issue ads" (which do not endorse of oppose a specific candidate) 60 days before election unconstitutional | |
| 363584567 | *NAACP v. Alabama (1958) | Association membership lists can be secret | |
| 363584568 | Roberts v. United States Jaycees (1984) | Jaycees must accept women as full members | |
| 363584569 | Boy Scouts of American v. Dale (2000) | BSA need not associate with gay scout leader | |
| 363584570 | Rumsfield v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights (2006) | Colleges cannot refuse to associate with army recruiters by barring them from campus | |
| 363584572 | *Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | Search & seizure, exclusionary rule | |
| 363584573 | Herring v. United States (2009) | Exclusionary rule-- police violation of 4th Amendment must be the result of systemic error or reckless disregard of constitutional requirements, rather than of mere negligence | |
| 363584574 | New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) | Student search | |
| 363584575 | Board of Education v. Earls (2002) | Random, suspicion less drug testing of students | |
| 363584576 | Safford Unified School District v. Redding (2009) | Student strip search | |
| 363584577 | *Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Right to attorney | |
| 363584578 | *Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | Warnings | |
| 363584579 | Dickerson v. U.S. (2000) | Congress may not legislatively overturn Miranda | |
| 363584580 | Kyllo v. United States (2001) | Thermal imaging of home from sidewalk is search under Fourth Amendment | |
| 363584581 | Furman v. Georgia (1972) | Death penalty-outlawed it | |
| 363584582 | Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | Death penalty-permitted it | |
| 363584583 | Atkins v. Virginia (2002) | No Death penalty for mentally retarded | |
| 363584584 | Roper v. Simmons (2005) | No Death penalty for minors | |
| 363584585 | *Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | Also Brown II---"all deliberate speed" in implementing desegregation | |
| 363584586 | Rostker v.Goldberg (1981) | Female exclusion from draft | |
| 363584587 | United States v. Virginia (1996) | VMI must admit women | |
| 363584588 | *Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | Right of privacy first specifically recognized in penumbra surrounding other rights | |
| 363584589 | *Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) | Abortion rights -no public funds | |
| 363584590 | Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health (1990) | Right to refuse medical treatment | |
| 363584591 | *Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) | "Undue burden" test for conditions imposed on obtaining abortion | |
| 363584592 | Lawrence and Gardner v. Texas (2003) | Privacy decision which rejected application of Texas sodomy laws to consenting homosexuals | |
| 363584593 | Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) | So-called partial birth abortion prohibition struck down | |
| 363584594 | Gonzalez v. Carhart (2007) | Essentially identical law upheld | |
| 363584595 | *Kelo v. City of New London (2005) | Private property taken by eminent domain for use by private developer to build shopping center | |
| 365608449 | South Dakota v. Dole (1987) | Ok for the federal government to withhold transportation dollars from states that did not lower drinking age to 18 | |
| 365611975 | Marbury v Madison (1803) | First case to use judicial review | |
| 365611976 | District of Columbia v. Heller | Individuals have a right to own and possess firearms | |
| 365611977 | Lemon v Kurtzman (1971) | Developed the Lemon Test that defines if the government can aid religion | |
| 365611978 | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Legalized the Separate but Equal Doctrine that allowed state government discrimination | |
| 365611979 | Korematsu v United States (1944) | Court ruled that Japanese Internment during WWII was legal during a time of emergency | |
| 365611980 | Regents of the University of California v Bakke (1978) | Racial Quotas are unconstitutional but race may be used in Affirmative Action Programs | |
| 365615988 | Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) | Race may be used as a tie breaker but not as a "plus factor" in Affirmative Action | |
| 365615989 | Parents Involved v. Seattle (2007) | prohibited assigning students to public schools solely for the purpose of achieving racial integration and declined to recognize racial balancing as a compelling state interest | |
| 365615990 | Ricci v DeStefano (2009) | Before an employer can engage in intentional discrimination for the asserted purpose of avoiding or remedying an unintentional, disparate impact, the employer must have a strong basis in evidence to believe it will be subject to disparate-impact liability if it fails to take the race-conscious, discriminatory action | |
| 365615991 | Roe v Wade (1973) | States can't outlaw abortion |
