Taxonomy
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| 409279270 | Carl Linnaeus | Swedish botanist who established the universal system for naming and classifying organisms that involved a nested hierarchy and binomial nomenclature, and classified thousands of organisms in Systema Naturae | |
| 409279271 | Binomial nomenclature | Naming system in which organisms have a two part scientific name; the first is the genus and is capitalized, the second is the species within the genus and is lower case. Names should be underlined when written and italicized when word processed. | |
| 409279272 | Taxon | Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified - from broadest to narrowest, they are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | |
| 409279273 | Taxonomy | The science of naming and classifying different organisms. | |
| 409279274 | Challenges facing taxonomists | Convergent evolution/analogous structures Discovery of new species Hybrids Sexual dimorphism Subjectivity of the taxonomists | |
| 409279275 | Five kingdoms | Animlia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera | |
| 409279276 | Principles used to classify organisms | - Evolutionary relationships (through morphological comparisons between extant and extinct species) - Homologous structures (suggest common ancestry) - Embryological relationships (similarities suggest existence of similar genes) - Biochemical relationships (comparing DNA, RNA or amino acid sequences) | |
| 409280899 | 2 types of cells | Prokaryotic & eukaryotic | |
| 409280900 | Prokaryotic Cells | Simple, small cells that are defined by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles. Found in kingdom Monera. | |
| 409280901 | Eukaryotic Cells | Larger, more complex cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. Found in kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista. | |
| 409281680 | Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia | Contain eukaryotic cells, multicellular, ingesting heterotrophs, store carbohydrates as glycogen, lack cell walls, found everywhere, typically reproduce sexually and are motile. | |
| 409281681 | Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae | Contain eukaryotic cells, multicellular, autotrophs, have cell walls containing cellulose, store carbohydrates as starch, have chloroplasts, mostly terrestrial, reproduce both sexually and asexually and are non-motile. | |
| 409281682 | Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi | Contain eukaryotic cells, multicellular, have cell walls containing chitin, store carbohydrates as glycogen, body formed of structures called hyphae (collectively referred to as mycelium) absorbing heterotrophs, mostly terrestrial, reproduce both sexually and asexually and are non-motile. | |
| 409281683 | Characteristics of Kingdom Protista | Contains eukaryotic cells, typically unicellular, autotrophs and heterotrophs, mostly aquatic, asexual or sexual reproducers, and may be non-motile or motile (with flagella, cilia or pseudopodia) | |
| 409281684 | Characteristics of Kingdom Monera | Contains prokarytoic cells, unicellular, autotrophs and heterotrophs, found everywhere, reproduce asexually throught binary fission, are mostly non-motile (although may be motile with flagella), may be spiral, rod, or round-shaped, cell walls contain peptidoglycan | |
| 409310163 | 3 groups of protists | animal-like protists - motile ingesting heterotrophs fungus-like protists - decomposing heterotrophs plant-like protists - autotrophs | |
| 606651376 | Dichotomous Key | A step by step approach to classifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptions. | |
| 606651377 | Cladistics | An approach to classification in which items are grouped together based on shared characters. | |
| 606651378 | Synapomorphy | A shared, derived trait found in two or more taxa that is present in their most recent common ancestor but is missing in more distant ancestors. | |
| 606651379 | Autapomorphy | A derived character state that is unique to a single taxon | |
| 606651380 | Cladogram | A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms | |
| 631166321 | Examples of Plant-like Protists | Green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates | |
| 631166322 | Examples of animal-like protists (protozoa) | paramecium, amoeba, ciliates | |
| 631166323 | Examples of fungus-like protists | slime molds, water molds | |
| 631166324 | Examples of plants | moss, ferns, conifers, flowering plants | |
| 631166325 | Examples of fungi | yeasts, molds, mushrooms | |
| 631166326 | Examples of bacteria | eubacteria, cyanobacteria, archaebacteria | |
| 631169532 | Peptidoglycan | unique molecule found in bacterial cell walls | |
| 631169533 | Binary fission | Method of asexual reproduction found in bacteria | |
| 631169534 | Analogous structures | Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment, but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution. | |
| 631169535 | Challenges of taxonomy | Hybrid organisms, extinct organisms, discovery of new species, analogous structures, disagreement on what structural features matter most in classification, lack of DNA evidence | |
| 631172208 | Penicillin | antibiotic derived from a member of kingdom fungi | |
| 631172209 | Hyphae | Branching filamentous structures found in Kingdom Fungi; collectively referred to as mycelium | |
| 631172210 | Autotrophic | type of nutrition in which organisms can make their own food | |
| 631172211 | Heterotrophic ingestor | organism that eats other organisms and digest them internally | |
| 631172212 | Heterotrophic absorber | organism that eats other organisms but digests them outside of the body then absorbs nutrients into body |
