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Tech and Culture of War Test One Flashcards

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2211859769Bronze3500bc, first technology to have impact on war. Maintains shape, easy to sharpen, strong, easy to shape. Mesopotamia0
2211859770Iron 1200bc,cheap,Body Armor, Asyria1
2211859771Chariots1800 bc, first tech to have impact on war. Radical tech, wheels had spokes, straight axel, fort to sit in, tongue 2 harnesses. But broke easily, not a shock weapon. Mesopotamia2
2211859772Bows3
2211859773Euthytonon300bc, crank bow bolt style catapult, Greeks/Macdonia, Alexander the Great, Siege equipment technology4
2211859774Palintonon" " sling along railing5
2211859775Monankon " " traditional catapult, 4lb rock6
2211859776Long spear and body armor400's Bc roughly, leather, then metal, metal was cheap, Romans, used shields, helmets, first leather then metal, javelins.7
2211859777Mirrors200bc, Archimedes of Syracuse s used this scientific breakthrough to burn enemy ships by direction rays of light on ships8
2211859778Road building200BC, Roman new engineeringtechnology, allowed legions to move quicker9
2211859779Adaptation of catapults to ships200BC, Roman Navy utilized it in Punic Wars10
2211859780Rams" " metal, bronze, used in shock combat Navy battles11
2211859781Spade200BC, Romans used to build camps and entrench themselves, allowed them to never be defeated in their own camps because they would use trenches to guard themselves, set up in 3 hours12
2211859782Mail and plate armor1000AD medieval period, utilized by knights as forms of armor. Very expensive and hard to make. Plate armor came into toward the latter part of Knight era. Chain armor used by range warriors on horses.13
2211859783Castles1000AD, allowed for defense and fortified cities. Held knights in it, utilized and built by Fulk Nerra (builder) and Vauban. Castle walls were made very thick and were sophisticated14
2211859784Stirrup400AD invented by Chinese, utilized by Charles Martel in 600-700s and Allowed for shock combat w/ horses (martel was first to use it).15
2211859785Wing lance700AD used by Norman Knights in Medieval period. Long Sharp arrows utilized in horsemanship and shock combat allowed for mounted knights to keep distance from their enemy. Used in Battle of Hastings. Used in tandem with armor16
2211859786Longbow and pike1200AD, Knights in Medieval period, wooden long bows used in archery and peasants were required to have them. Took lots of training. Used in Battle of Crecy and Agincourt by Henry V (English).17
2211859787Pike1200 Middle Ages dual purpose weapon, long spear used by INFANTRY in medieval period(also used against cavalry defense), 1200s.18
2211859788Musket19
2211859789Castle (Star bastionskept soldiers from hiding from archers. Was a Mini Fort outside perimeter of a castle, 1000AD medieval period, middle ages. Made Merchants very important in societies.20
2211859790Cannon (Mahometta)1500AD gunpowder revolution used effectively by the west. Mohomatta used it to conquer. Originally invented in China but exploited by the West. Showed how the West was open to scientific advancement and reasoning.21
2211859791Arquebus1500AD Europe, evolution of the cannon as s a part of the gun powder revolution. Was a shoulder weapon, one of the first handheld weapons where a tube was tied to a pike w/ touch hole, prime pan and load. Very inaccurate, but could pierce through armor at close ranges. First used with pikes but then replaced them22
2211859792Musket 1600s replaced arquebus Europe, shoulder fired, American version. Designed for infantry, men who had it were called the Musketeers23
2211859793Caravelles1500s, Europe, small maneuverable ships that were forecastles (which were later moved below deck) that held cannons on top of decks of boats that were used in artillery seawar by the Portugese against the English. Parts of English/Portugese Arms Race24
2211859794Canister shells1800s- tin shell filled with lead balls used in Napoleonic wars, developed by Gribeauval as a part of a mobile artillery and gun powder revolution in Europe/France. Anti Infantry weapon. Turned gun into a wagon.25
2211859795Mobile artillery17001800 Europe, Gribeauval made artillery mobile by turning guns/cannons into wagons where battle field accessories made it possible. Napoleon developed mobile artilery26
2211859796Brown bess musket1700-1800 British weapon, easy to train. Standard infantry musket used in American revolution27
2211859797Bayonet1700's Europe, addition created Musketeer, eliminated the pike for the infantryman. Could be attached to muskets.28
2211859798MinieballMinie 1800's, rifle bullet that used spin to control accuracy and firepower that was used in the civil and Crimean wars that only had 9 steps loading process used by US Army and by both sides in the civil war and was also a result of the industrial revolution where the ball and powder were placed together.29
2211859799Railroad1800s utilized by the North (Union) in civil war, were well designed and Herman Haupt was in charge of coordinating troops to lay down tracks.30
2211859800Breech loading gunlater 1844, break through by Sharp. Was fast at loading at ordered by American War Dept., changed warfare in that calvary could no longer charge the infantry31
2211859801Repeating rifles1863, was approved by Lincoln to be used in the Union Army in the civil war. Was a carbine, rifle barreled rifle. Eventually bought by Col. Wilder and used in the Battle of Hoovers Gap where heavy fire was used to overtake a 1:15 ratio of enemy32
2211859802Gatling gun1863 Dr. Gatling, impractical artillery gun that was mulitiple barreled, first machine gun that was on wheels. However, it had a bad range33
2211859803Parrot guns1860's invted by the Union in American civil war, was a giant gun that wa used against fortification34
2211859804Telegraphsused in American civil war, 1860s, part of communications and signals where Lincoln could be telegraphed information. Speed up the process of communications, modern technology.35
2211859805SubmarinesHunley, Civil War, used by confederates, marked a huge advanced in Naval Warfare, sunk a battle ship36
2211859806KEY PEOPLE:37
2211859807Sargon of Akkad2000BC, had 5000 man army in Mesopotamia. Had conquered land38
2211859808Archimedes200BC of Syracuse, Greek math and science -created catapults, invented screw and water displacement39
2211859809Militiades 500BC Greeks had a council of war to decide to fight against Persians (against Darius I)40
2211859810Xexes400BC, son of Darius, Persian Emperor41
2211859811Darius I500BC, was a Persian leader, brought his Army north of Africa to fight against Athens, was destroyed.42
2211859812Alexander the Great300s BC, Macedonia, fought Persia and the greeks and killed them at a rate of 300/minute with Hellenistic empire. FIRST to use cavalry but not in shock combat. Fought the Persians (darius II) at Guagemela 300 BC and destroyed them. USED CATAPULTS!!43
2211859813Hannibal Barca200BC, beat the Romans at BATTLE OF CANNAE, but instead of conquering rome he luted the countryside (because his army was nothing but mercenaries). Then in BATTLE CARTHAGE 200s BC, was defeated by the romans in Carthage Africa. Hannibal then fled to Egypt and was captured and executed44
2211859814Scipio Africanus45
2211859815VisigothsGermanic Goths, sack Rome in 400AD, rome split into to46
2211859816Ostrogoths and Theodosius" " Theodosius was the last Emperor of Rome to rule East and the West but was defeated by the Goths in 300s AD47
2211859817Attila and the Huns400AD, Huns and Germans defeated rome at BATTLE OF ATTIKI.48
2211859818Gauls and Vercengetorix80BC, united Gauls in a revolt against romans, eventually defeated by Caesar and the romans and lost at the Battle of Aleshia in 52BC, was then executed by Caesar49
2211859819Britains and Baodiceadefense against Romans, British, was a female50
2211859820ZealotsRebelled against Romans, staged a siege of Jerusalem.51
2211859821Cincinnatuswas a Roman, agreat fighter, after battle he went home, citizen farmer.52
2211859822CatoRoman senator, Battle of Carthage, wants to totally destroy Carthage, brings about third punic war, where carthage was destructed and Hannibal fled53
2211859823Cicero100BC Roman Philosopher54
2211859824Gibbon (decline and fall of roman empire)1700s wrote "Decline and Fall of Roman Empire" blames Christianity and Barbairicism for the fall of the empire. Rome became pacifist after Christian missionaries traveled their roads to spread Christianity.55
2211859825Farril 1990s "fall of roman empire, the military explanation" mercenaries were fighting, economic failure and tons of people were on food support, welfare class, lots of violence, blood56
2211859826Lynn White57
2211859827Charles Martel700AD cavalry shock combat. He was French and first used the stirrup for shock combat with knights, heavily armored58
2211859828Pope Urban II1000AD declared nobles at soldiers of Christ. Gave blessing to knights because they were on Holy Missions during the grade crusades.59
2211859829Henry V1400AD, in Agincourt, used English longbow to take out the French. Destroyed the French.60
2211859830Knights Templars1200s, guarded and built temples, protected pilgrims. Germans61
2211859831Hospitalers1500s, built hospitals and were funded by banking and lending. Germans.62
2211859832Teutonic Knightsblack jersey with white cross, protected Christians on pilgrammages. Germans. Got into banking, loaning, and made a lot of money63
2211859833Fulk Nerra1000AD built castles, made the walls very thick, made castles sustainable, defendable64
2211859834Mohatmat IIgun powder revolution, conquered Constaninople and responsible for the fall of the East. Used cannon to conquer65
2211859835John IIportugal, developed the caravelle and used it against the British66
2211859836Gustavus Adolphus1600 Sweden, turned his Army into a large army force and invented pre mesure powder.67
2211859837Maurice of Nassauused drill, 1600 and fought the Spanish at the BATTLE OF NIEUPORT. Was from Holland, troops had to be disciplined and trained to shoot muskets68
2211859838fRederick the Great1700s Prussian army, united his armies69
2211859839NapoleonFrench, 1700s, military conqueror70
2211859840Berthier (chief of staff71
2211859841Wellingtoncivilian oversight. Cared about his men.72
2211859842Claude Miniinvented minieball, 1800s, french73
2211859843Winfield ScottAmerican union general 1800s used anaconda plan to use navy to blocl the confederate coast74
2211859844Spencer1800s, repeater gun. Lever action rifle75
2211859845Halleck76
2211859846Rodmanartillery grant gun used on sea forts, civil war, 1800s developed by private sector and sold by military77
2211859847Dahlgrengiant gun, breech loading Naval artillery developed by private sector and sold by military78
2211859848Parrotdeveloped Breech loading artillery used by union in the civil war 1800s79
2211859849Haupt80
2211859850McClellanunion general, moves slowly, well liked and drilled a lot but Lincoln ordered him to attack because he was so slow81
2211859851LeeGenearal, confederate amy, fought against mccelellan.82
2211859852ShermanUnion general civil war, march to the sea.83
2211859853GrantUS commanding general in the civil war, Union.84
2215489631Amputation1/4 of all amputees died during civil war85
2215492105technology in civil wargave power to the defense86
2215501791Clauswitz 1800'sOn War, total assault and will to resist87
2215549949Henry Halliks bookelements of military art and science, first American military textbook ever written88

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