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| The branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds | ||
| CH4 | ||
| C2H6 | ||
| C2H4 | ||
| Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen | ||
| Compounds that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms | ||
| Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties | ||
| Compounds that have the same covalent partnershipds, but differ in spatial arrangements | ||
| Molecules that are mirror images of each other | ||
| Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions | ||
| -OH, Alcohol, ex. ethanol, polar, hydrophylic | ||
| =CO, keytones & aldehydes, ex. acetone & propanal | ||
| -COOH, acids, ex. acetic acid, covalent, polar | ||
| -NH2, amines, ex. glycine, a base | ||
| -SH, thiols, ex. ethanethiol, stabilize proteins | ||
| -OPO3, organic phosphates, ex. glycerol phosphate, makes anions | ||
| An organic phosphate, primary energy-transforming molecule in the cell | ||
| A large molecule consisting of thousands of covalently connected atoms | ||
| A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | ||
| The repeating unit that serves as the building block for polymers | ||
| Connection by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule | ||
| Same as condensation reaction | ||
| A process that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction | ||
| Includes both sugars and the polymers of sugars. Serve as fuel and building material | ||
| Single sugars, ex. glucose | ||
| Consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage | ||
| A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides | ||
| Maltose | ||
| Sucrose | ||
| Macromolecules, serve as storage material | ||
| Storage polysaccharide for plants, consists of glucose monomers | ||
| A polymer of glucose that is like amylopectin but more excessively branched | ||
| A major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells | ||
| The carbohydrate used by arthropods to build exoskeletons | ||
| Constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids | ||
| A long carbon skeleton, with usually 16-18 carbons, at the end has a carboxyl group attached to a hydrocarbon | ||
| When three fatty acid molecules each join to glycerol by an ester linkage | ||
| A bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group | ||
| When there are no double bonds between the carbon in the chains, allowing as many hydrogen atoms as possible | ||
| Has one or more double bonds formed by the removal of hydrogen. Has a kink in the hydrocarbon chain | ||
| Two fatty acids attached to glycerol rather than three | ||
| Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings | ||
| A steriod that is a common component of animal cell membranes | ||
| Most important type of protein, regulate metabolism | ||
| Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions in the cell | ||
| Polymers of amino acids | ||
| Consists of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into conformations | ||
| Organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups | ||
| A covalent bond between two amino acids | ||
| A protein's unique sequence of amino acids | ||
| The result of hydrogen bonds between the repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone | ||
| a delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid | ||
| The conformation of a protein reinforced further by covalent bonds | ||
| When a protein unravels and loses its native conformation | ||
| Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins | ||
| An important method used to determine a protein's three dimensional structure | ||
| Provides directions for its own replication, directs RNA synthesis, controls protein synthesis | ||
| The messenger of DNA | ||
| Macromolecules that exist as polymers | ||
| Make up polynuceotides | ||
| A six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms | ||
| Larger than pyrimidine, a sic membered ring or carbon and nitrogen fused to a five membered ring | ||
| Pentose connected to the nitrogenous base in RNA | ||
| Pentose connected to the nitrogenous base in DNA |
