1828-1844, Age of Andrew Jackson
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| 239180691 | The Era of Good Feelings | A period of history referring to the Presidency of James Monroe, where the bitter rivalry between the Federalists and Republicans ended. 1816-1824 | 0 | |
| 239180692 | Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories | 1 | |
| 239180693 | Denmark Vesey | United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822) | 2 | |
| 239180694 | The Corrupt Bargain | Name for the deal struck between Adams and Clay that if Adams makes Clay Secretary of State, Adams will be guaranteed victory. | 3 | |
| 239180695 | Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | 4 | |
| 239180696 | Erie Canal | A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West. | 5 | |
| 239180697 | Five Civilized Tribes | collective name for the Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, Chickasaws and Seminoles | 6 | |
| 239180698 | Market Economy | an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices | 7 | |
| 239180699 | Transportation Revolution | a period of time rapid improvement in the speed and convenience of transportation | 8 | |
| 239180700 | Gibbons v. Ogden | This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states' rights. | 9 | |
| 239180701 | Eli Whitney | United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) | 10 | |
| 239180702 | Waltham and Lowe ll Textile Mills | was a labor and production model employed in the United States, particularly in New England, during the early years of the American textile industry in the early 19th Century. | 11 | |
| 239180703 | Richard Allen | an african american preacher who helped start the free african society and the african methodist episcopal church | 12 | |
| 239180704 | African Methodist Episcopal church | a predominantly African American Methodist denomination based in the United States. It was founded by the Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the mid-Atlantic area that wanted independence from white Methodists. Allen was elected its first bishop in 1816 | 13 | |
| 239180705 | Catherine Beecher | Female reformer that pushed for female employment as teachers; however, she still embraced the role of a good homemaker for women. She was an example of the fact that not all women were pushing for radical reforms. | 14 | |
| 239180706 | Separate Spheres | Middle-class ideal where home life was strictly separated from the workplace and womens roles were separate from mens, with women running the household and men earning money outside it. | 15 | |
| 239180707 | Horizontal and Vertical Allegiances | Vertical Alliances: authority flows from the top down. Horizontal Alliances are the opposite. | 16 | |
| 237060171 | Seneca Falls Convention | Founded by Lucrecia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton because of screen-off at World's Anti-Slavery Movement. Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. | 17 | |
| 237060172 | Dorothea Dix and Penitentiary Reform | In 1841, she discovered insane people in an unheated room in a jail in East Cambridge, Massachusetts. She then investigated jails and almshouses across the state, which led her to pushed for the creation of insane asylums by the state legislature with the help of Horace Mann and Samuel G. Howe. | 18 | |
| 237060173 | Charles G. Finney | He grew up in Burned-Over District. He is considered the father of modern revivalism and his ideas dominated "evangelical Protestanism", which maintained the importance of emotional religious conversions and the idea that you control your own destiny. He advocated the notion of a "self-made" individual in which human behavior can be changed for the better. | 19 | |
| 237060174 | Second Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. | 20 | |
| 237060175 | Joseph Smith and Mormons | He was the founder of the Mormons and he translated the Book of Mormons that tells of Lehi whose descendants came to America and went against God's teachings. As a result they were punished with dark skin (Native Americans). They wanted Indian converts, lay separate from society, practiced polygamy. Founder was charged with treason and killed after announcing candidacy for presidency. | 21 | |
| 237060176 | Mother Ann Lee and the Shakers | She was the founder of this religious community. They were renown for their furniture, but they were hostile to materialism. They banned marriage within their community (separate from society), sexual intercourse, and relied on converts and adoption to maintain membership. | 22 | |
| 237060177 | American Temperance Society | 1826, Protestant ministers and others concerned with the high rate of alcohol consumption and the effects of such excessive drinking, founded this society and wanted people to completely abstain. Drinking problems caused by high production of spirits because of cheap transportation of grains across the Appalachian Mts. | 23 | |
| 237060178 | Horace Mann | Elected first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education in 1837. He presided over sweeping reforms to transform schools into institutions that occupied most of a child's time and energy. Goals: shifting financial support from parents to the state, extending school term to 10 months, standardized textbooks, and classifying students into grades based on age and attainment. | 24 | |
| 237060179 | Angelina and Sarah Grimke | 1837: embarked on an antislavery lecture tour of New England, but they were controversial because they lectured crowds that had men in them. The criticism of women teaching rather than obeying men contrubuted to the cause for women's rights. Sarah produced "Letters on the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes and Angelina contributed "Letters to Catharine E. Breecher". | 25 | |
| 237060180 | Lucretia Mott | Quaker activist in both the abolitionist and women's movements; with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, she was a principal organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 because she was screened-off at the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840. | 26 | |
| 237060181 | Utopian Communities | Alternative communities to the competitive economy and these communities first surfaced in the 1820s. The key to perfecting social arrangements lay in the creation of small, planned communities that had a perfect balance of social, religious, and political groups. For example: Hopedale, Fruitlands, Brook Farm, and Oneidan. | 27 | |
| 237060182 | The American Renaissance | After 1820, The Us experienced a flowing of literature with leading figures like James Cooper, Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. Depicted the features of the US in literature and art. The work was both distinctively American and an outgrowth of the European romantic movement. The themes of the writing were universal and the settings and characters American. | 28 | |
| 237060183 | Edgar Allan Poe | He wrote fiction and poetry and was part of the American Renaissance. He paid little attention to Emerson's call for a literature that would comprehend the everyday experiences of ordinary Americans. He set several of his short stories like "The Maurble Faun"(1859) and "The Cask of Amontillado"(1846) in Europe. | 29 | |
| 237060184 | Walt Whitman | He wrote about his belief that America was to be embodyment of a new citizen whose natural virtue would flourish despite European corruption. He wrote neither in rhyme or meter and his poems were blunt. He wrote "Song of Myself" because he believed he embodies the democratic American. | 30 | |
| 237060185 | Transcendentalism | An American offshoot of romanticism that led Emerson to contend that our ideas of God and freedom are inborn and that learned people had no special advantage in pursuing truth. Everyone had a chance to find truth. Also, it maintained that the US could produce great literature and art like Europe. | 31 | |
| 237060186 | Henry David Thoreau | American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support the Mexican War because he thought it was a southern conspiracy to spread slavery. He bore the uncomfortable truth that material and moral goodness were not as connected as Americans believed. | 32 | |
| 237060187 | McCormick reaper | Mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots; 1831; fueled the large-scale establishment of commercial agriculture in the Midwest. Invented by Cyrus McCormick. | 33 | |
| 237899752 | American System of Manufacturing | Involved semi-skilled labor using machine tools and jigs to make standardized, identical, interchangeable parts, manufactured to a tolerance, which could be assembled with a minimum of time and skill, requiring little to no fitting. | 34 | |
| 237899753 | New York Stock Exchange | The largest stock exchange located in New York City, most of the companies on this exchange are larger companies with higher-priced stock. | 35 | |
| 237919484 | Epidemics | occurs when new cases of a certain disease affects people in the same place at the same time | 36 | |
| 237919485 | Penny Press | Newspapers that, because of technological innovations in printing, were able to drop their price to one cent, therefore making papers affordable to working and middle classes | 37 | |
| 237919486 | Minstrel Shows | white actors wearing blackface mimicked and ridiculed African American culture, became increasingly popular. | 38 | |
| 237919487 | P.T. Barnum | Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 - April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, scam artist and entertainer; he is remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the circus that became the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. | 39 | |
| 237919488 | Margaret Fuller | (May 23, 1810 - July 19, 1850) was an American journalist, critic, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer in journalism. | 40 | |
| 237919489 | Herman Melville & Moby Dick | (August 1, 1819 - September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet; known as the greatest American writer of his era, his most important novel, published in 1851, was the story of Ahab, captain of a whaling vessel, who was obsessed with his search of Moby Dick, the great white whale that had once maimed him. This is a story of courage and the strength of human will, but also a tragedy of pride and revenge. | 41 | |
| 237931559 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | May 25, 1803 - April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He emphasized freedom and self-reliance in essays which still make him a force today. | 42 | |
| 237931560 | Hudson River School | A mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism; their works are characterized by a highly romantic treatment of landscape, especially along the Hudson River. | 43 | |
| 237931561 | Frederick Law Olmstead | (April 26, 1822 - August 28, 1903) was an American journalist, social critic, public administrator, and landscape designer. He is popularly considered to be the father of American landscape and drew the plan for Greensward, more recently known as Central Park | 44 | |
| 237931562 | Specie | gold or silver; hard money | 45 | |
| 237931563 | Antebellum | belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War | 46 | |
| 237936488 | Squatter | someone who settles on land without permission or right | 47 | |
| 237936489 | Economic Boom | period of growth for production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, during this time period, people buy more, invest in business, and industries / businesses grow | 48 | |
| 237936490 | Artisan | a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft; one who is good with their hands | 49 | |
| 237936491 | Pauper | an extremely poor person | 50 | |
| 238869323 | Political democratization | Between 1824-1832 America experienced a growth of people able to vote. Starting in the West then gradually East, property was no longer needed to vote along with written ballots that replaced "stand-up" voting. | 51 | |
| 238869324 | Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser". Supported the emancipation of slaves and opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts. As speaker of the House of Representatives he was a War Hawk who was a peace commissioner at the negotiations that ended the War of 1812. Forged the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850. Became secretary of state in 1824 by John Quincy Adams. | 52 | |
| 238869325 | Spoils System | (patronage system) when a political party wins a election and gives government jobs to it's supporters. Used by Andrew Jackson after winning the election of 1828. | 53 | |
| 238869326 | Second Bank of the United Sates | Chartered for twenty years in 1816. The Bank acted more a privately owned corporation owned by few citizens (the elite). The recharter was denounced by Jackson in 1832 claiming it only made the rich richer. | 54 | |
| 238869327 | Whig Party | 1830-1850's. Whig meaning opposing tyranny as they viewed Jackson having too much power. Made by supporters of Jeffersonian democracy such as Henry Clay. | 55 | |
| 238869328 | Jedediah Smith | 1799-1831. A mountain man who rediscovered the South Pass which helped the settlement of Oregon and California. One of the first to travel to California. | 56 | |
| 238869329 | James Fenimore Cooper | (September 15, 1789 - September 14, 1851). An American novelist who wrote sea and historical stories. One of his most famous works was The Last of the Mohicans. | 57 | |
| 238869330 | Maysville Road Veto | May 27, 1830. Jackson vetoed a bill that will allow government to buy stock from the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company that wanted to build a railroad that was mostly in Turkey. Jackson argued that the State should fund it. | 58 | |
| 238869331 | Indian Removal Act | signed by Jackson in 1830. Supported mostly in the South where farmers wanted land inhabited by the Cherokee nation. The Cherokees were forced to leave their homes to Oklahoma. | 59 | |
| 238869332 | Trail of Tears | The relocation of Natives after the Indian Removal Act. Many died from exposure, disease, and starvation | 60 | |
| 238869333 | The Nullification Crisis | came from the belief that a state doesn't have to follow a federal law when a tariff was passed in 1828 that raised taxes on imports. South Carolina almost seceded from the Union if it wasn't a compromise in 1833. | 61 | |
| 238869334 | Nat Turner's Rebellion | Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia who believed he was chosen by God to lead a revolt. Him and several others killed about 50 whites hoping it will start a massive rebellion which didn't. After being captured by the state military he was executed on 11th November, 1831. | 62 | |
| 238869335 | The Bank War | Jackson vs. The Second Bank of the United Sates. Jackson ordered no more government deposits be put in the bank. He took money out and put it in state banks | 63 | |
| 238869336 | Panic of 1837 | May 1837, prices began to decrease which led to banks suspending specie payments and the Bank of the United States failed. Wages dropped by 1/3 and many were convinced the end of the world was coming. | 64 | |
| 238869337 | Second Party System | 1837 to 1852. Characterized by a rising number of voters and loyalty to a political party. Majors parties at the times were the Democratic and Whig party. | 65 | |
| 238869338 | William Lloyd Garrison & Abolition Movement | 1830's-1870's The Abolition Movement was mostly supported by Blacks with few whites. Garrison became the most famous and controversial white abolitionist who wanted immediate emancipation. | 66 | |
| 238869716 | the spoils system | this was a system, in which the new president recently elected, would choose to replace all of the previous president's employees, and to employ the new people solely on the basis that they were loyal to the current president. This would allow for the president to have complete support of all of those who were under his charge. This was also to show an exertion of his authority, and this was used as a way to reward those who were loyal to him as he worked hard to get into office. | 67 |
