Terms : Hide Images
| 497340214 | caste ("There was freedom from aristocratic caste and state church. . . .") | An exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, and so forth. | 1 | |
| 497340215 | nativist ("The invasion of this so-called immigrant 'rabble'. . . inflamed the prejudices of American 'nativists.' ") | One who advocates policies favoring native-born citizens and displays hostility or prejudice toward immigrants. | 2 | |
| 497340216 | factory ("The factory system gradually spread from England—'the world's workshop'—to other lands.") | A large establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery. | 3 | |
| 497340217 | trademark (". . . unscrupulous Yankee manufacturers . . . learned to stamp their own products with faked English trademarks.") | A distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods, usually registered by law to protect against imitators. | 4 | |
| 497340218 | patent ("For the decade ending in 1800, only 306 patents were registered in Washington. . . .") | The legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing its holder sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specified period of time. | 5 | |
| 497340219 | liability ("Laws of 'free incorporation' were first passed in New York in 1848. . . .") | The organization of individuals into an institutional entity with legally defined privileges and responsibilities. | 6 | |
| 497340220 | incorporation ("Laws of 'free incorporation' were first passed in New York in 1848. . . .") | The organization of individuals into an institutional entity with legally defined privileges and responsibilities. | 7 | |
| 497340221 | labor union ("They were forbidden by law to form labor unions. . . .") | An organization of workers—usually wage-earning workers—to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers. | 8 | |
| 497340222 | strike ("It made ambitious capitalists out of humble plowmen. . . .") | An individual or group who uses its accumulated funds or private property to produce goods or services for profit in a market. | 9 | |
| 497340223 | capitalist ("It made ambitious capitalists out of humble plowmen. . . .") | An individual or group who uses its accumulated funds or private property to produce goods or services for profit in a market. | 10 | |
| 497340224 | turnpike ("The turnpikes beckoned to the canvas-covered Conestoga wagons. . . .") | A toll road. | 11 | |
| 497340225 | posterity ("He installed a powerful steam engine in a vessel that posterity came to know as the Clermont. . . .") | Later descendants or subsequent generations. | 12 | |
| 497340226 | productivity ("The principle of division of labor . . . spelled productivity and profits. . . .") | In economics, the relative efficiency in the production of goods and services, measured in terms of the quantity of goods or services produced by workers in a certain length of time. | 13 | |
| 497340227 | barter ("Most families . . . bartered with their neighbors for the few necessities they could not make themselves.") | The direct exchange of goods or services for one another, without the use of cash or any other medium of exchange. | 14 | |
| 497340228 | False (He ended it by political pressure, compromise, and the threat of military action.) | (True/False) President Jackson used military force to end South Carolina's threat of nullification and secession. | 15 | |
| 497340229 | False (None of the other southern states backed South Carolina.) | (True/False) All the other southern states strongly backed South Carolina's act of nullification against federal government. | 16 | |
| 497340230 | True | (True/False) Jackson used his veto of the bill to recharter the Bank of the United States to mobilize the common people of the West against the financial elite of the East. | 17 | |
| 497340231 | True | (True/False) The Anti-Masonic third part of 1832 appealed strongly to the American suspicion of secret societies and to anti-Jackson evangelical Protestants. | 18 | |
| 497340232 | False (He destroyed it by moving federal deposits to state banks; the independent treasury was not established until 1840.) | (True/False) Jackson finally destroyed the Bank of the United States by replacing it with an "independent treasury" staffed with his own political supporters. | 19 | |
| 497340233 | True | (True/False) Although he professed sympathy for the eastern Indians, Jackson defied the Supreme Court and ordered them removed to Oklahoma. | 20 | |
| 497340234 | False (The Seminoles and Black Hawk fought separate wars, but the Cherokees did not.) | (True/False) The Cherokees, Seminoles, and Chief Black Hawk joined in united warfare to resist Jackson's removal policies. | 21 | |
| 497340235 | True | (True/False) American settlers in Texas clashed with the Mexican government over issues of slaver, immigration, and legal rights. | 22 | |
| 497340236 | False (Jackson recognized Texas's independence but refuse to support its entry into the Union.) | (True/False) Jackson refused to recognize Texas's independence but did not support the entry of Texas into the Union. | 23 | |
| 497340237 | True | (True/False) The Whig party eventually coalesced into a strong anti-Jackson party with a generally nationalistic outlook. | 24 | |
| 497340238 | False (Van Buren the bad effects of the antibank battle, especially in the panic of 1837.) | (True/False) President Van Buren reaped many of the economic benefits of Jackson's bitter battle to destroy the Bank of the United States. | 25 | |
| 497340239 | False (The Whigs only pretended Harrison came from a poor background; in fact, his family was a wealthy one.) | (True/False) William Henry Harrison's simple poor-boy background formed the basis for the Whigs' appeal to the common voter in 1840. | 26 | |
| 497340240 | True | (True/False) Van Buren lost the election of 1840 partly because voters connected him with the hard times caused by the panic of 1837. | 27 | |
| 497340241 | False (The Whigs favored harmony and activism; the Democrats; liberty and equality.) | (True/False) In general, the Democratic party stood for social harmony and an active government, while the Whigs emphasized individual liberty, the dangers of a privileged elite, and the evils of governmental power. | 28 | |
| 497340242 | True | (True/False) The two-party system placed a premium on political compromise within each party and thus tended to reduce the ideological conflict between the parties. | 29 | |
| 497340243 | b | (Multiple Choice) The nullification crisis in South Carolina ended when a) Andrew Jackson used military forced to crush the nullifiers. b) Henry Clay pushed through a compromise tariff that enabled South Carolina to save face. c) Jackson was forced to back down and accept the basic principle of nullification. d) South Carolina Unionists seized power within the state and repealed the nullification act. | 30 | |
| 497340244 | a | (Multiple Choice) Jackson's veto of the bank recharter bill represented a) a bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors. b) an attempt to assure bankers and creditors that the federal government had their interests at heart. c) a concession to Henry Clay and his National Republican followers. d) a gain for sound banking and a financially stable currency system. | 31 | |
| 497340245 | d | (Multiple Choice) Among the new political developments that appeared in the election of 1832 were a) political parties and direct popular voting for president. b) newspaper endorsements and public financing of presidential campaigns. c) nomination by congressional caucus and voting by the Electoral College. d) third-party campaigning, national conventions, and party platforms. | 32 | |
| 497340246 | c | (Multiple Choice) Jackson's Specie Circular declared that a) all federal deposits had to be removed from the Bank of the United States. b) all Treasury would distribute surplus federal funds to the states. c) all public lands would have to be purchased with "hard" or metallic money. d) all paper currency had to be backed with gold or silver. | 33 | |
| 497340247 | c | (Multiple Choice) One of Andrew Jackson's weapons in his war against Nicholas Biddle's Bank of the United States was a) seizing the bank's branches and operating them under direct federal control. b) bringing criminal charges against Biddle for corruption and mismanagement of funds. c) removing federal deposits from the bank and transferring them to "pet" state banks. d) urging all Jackson supporters to withdraw their deposits from the bank. | 34 | |
| 497340248 | d | (Multiple Choice) One important result of President Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States was a) the economic stability that was maintained by his successor, Van Buren. b) a sound financial system resting on thousands of locally controlled banks. c) the American banking system's dependence on European investment and control. d) the lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization. | 35 | |
| 497340249 | b | (Multiple Choice) In theory, the U.C. government treated the Indians east of the Mississippi River as a) wards of the federal government to be confined to reservations. b) sovereign nations with whom the government negotiated and signed binding treaties. c) foreign enemies to be attacked and exterminated. d) ordinary American citizens able to participate in the democratic political process. | 36 | |
| 497340250 | b | (Multiple Choice) Some eastern Indian peoples like the Cherokees were notable for their a) effectiveness in warfare against encroaching whites. b) development of effective agricultural, educational, and political institutions. c) success in persuading President Jackson to support their cause. d) adherence to traditional Native American culture and religious values. | 37 | |
| 498384652 | a | (Multiple Choice) In promoting his policy of Indian removal, president Andrew Jackson a) defied rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees. b) admitted that the action would destroy Native American culture and society. c) acted against the advice of his cabinet and his military commanders in the Southeast. d) hoped to split the Cherokees apart from their allies such as the Creeks and Seminoles | 38 | |
| 498384653 | c | (Multiple Choice) The end result of Jackson's Indian policies was a) the flourishing of the southeastern tribes on the ancestral lands. b) a united Indian military confederacy led by Chief Tecumseh and his brother. c) the forcible removal of most of the southeastern Indians to Oklahoma. d) the assimilation of most Native Americans in to the white population. | 39 | |
| 498384654 | b | (Multiple Choice) A particular source of friction between the government of Mexico and the immigrant settlers in Texas was a) the price of land. b) the settlers' importation of slaves. c) the treatment of women. d) the issue of settler voting rights. | 40 | |
| 498384655 | a | (Multiple Choice) In the aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution, a) Texas petitioned to join the United States but was refused admission. b) Texas joined the United States as a slave state. c) Mexico and the United States agreed to a joint protectorate over Texas. d) Britain threatened the United States with war over Texas. | 41 | |
| 498384656 | d | (Multiple Choice) The panic of 1837 and subsequent depression were caused by a) the stock market collapse and a sharp decline in grain prices. b) a lack of new investment in industry and technology. c) the threat of war with Mexico over Texas. d) overspeculation and Jackson's financial policies. | 42 | |
| 498384657 | b | (Multiple Choice) Prominent leaders of the Whig party included a) Martin Van Buren and John C. Calhoun. b) Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. c) Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison. d) Stephen Austin and Sam Houston. | 43 | |
| 498384658 | c | (Multiple Choice) In general, the Whig party tended to favor a) individual liberty and states' rights. b) the protection of slavery and southern interests. c) a strong federal role in economic and moral issues. d) the interests of the working people and farmers against the upper classes. | 44 | |
| 500796548 | Tammany Hall | New York Democratic machine organization that exemplified the growing power of Irish immigrants in American politics | 45 | |
| 500796549 | Ancient Order of the Hiberians | Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America | 46 | |
| 500796550 | Forty-Eighters | Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America | 47 | |
| 500796551 | Know Nothing Party | Popular nickname of the secretive, nativist American Party that gained considerable, temporary success in the 1850s by attacking immigrants and Catholics | 48 | |
| 500796552 | industrial revolution | The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750 | 49 | |
| 500796553 | cotton gin | Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new life to black slavery | 50 | |
| 500796554 | limited liability | Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture than their own share of a corporation's stock | 51 | |
| 500796555 | The Great Exhibition | Major European exposition in 1851 that provided a dazzling showcase for the American inventions of Samuel Morse, Cyrus McCormick, and Charles Goodyear | 52 | |
| 500796556 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | Massachusetts Supreme Court decision of 1842 that overturned the widespread doctrine that labor unions were illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade | 53 | |
| 500796557 | Cult of Domesticity | Term for the widespread nineteenth-century cultural creed that glorified women's roles as wives and mothers in the home | 54 | |
| 500796558 | McCormick's Reaper | Cyrus McCormick's invention that vastly increased the productivity of the American grain farmer | 55 | |
| 500796559 | The National or Cumberland Road | The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War | 56 | |
| 500796560 | Clermont | The name of Robert Fulton's first steamship that sailed up the Hudson River in 1807 | 57 | |
| 500796561 | Erie Canal | Clinton's Big Ditch that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago | 58 | |
| 500796562 | Pony Express | Short-lived but spectacular service that carried mail from Missouri to California in only ten days | 59 | |
| 500796563 | Cyrus McCormick | Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business | 60 | |
| 500796564 | Samuel Colt | Weapons manufacturer whose popular revolver used Whitney's system of interchangeable parts | 61 | |
| 515027220 | Dewitt Clinton | New York governor who built the Erie Canal | 62 | |
| 515027221 | Sewing Machine | Inventor of a machine that revolutionized the ready-made clothing industry | 63 | |
| 515027222 | Roger Taney | Supreme Court justice whose ruling in the Charles River Bridge case opened chartered monopolies to competition | 64 | |
| 515027223 | Nativists | Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics | 65 | |
| 515027224 | Cyrus Field | Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858 | 66 | |
| 515027225 | Maria Monk | Escaped nun whose lurid book Awful Disclosures became an anti-Catholic best seller in the 1830s | 67 | |
| 515027226 | Samuel Slater | Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791 | 68 | |
| 515027227 | Samuel F.B. Morse | Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance | 69 | |
| 515027228 | Robert Fulton | Developer of a folly that made rivers two-way streams of transportation | 70 | |
| 515027229 | Catherine Beecher | Prominent figure who helped turn teaching into a largely female profession | 71 | |
| 515027230 | Molly Maguires | Radical, secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s | 72 | |
| 515027231 | Eli Whitney | Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangeable parts | 73 | |
| 515027232 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal | 74 | |
| 515028377 | 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 | Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. 1. First telegraph message—"What hath God wrought?"—is sent from Baltimore to Washington. 2. Industrial revolution begins in Britain. 3. Telegraph lines are stretched across Atlantic Ocean and North American continent. 4. Major water transportation route connects New York City to Lake Erie and points west. 5. Invention of cotton gin and system of interchangeable parts revolutionized southern agriculture and northern industry. | 75 | |
| 515028378 | The open, rough-and-tumble society of the American West | (Cause and Effect) Made Americans strongly individualistic and self-reliant | 76 | |
| 515028379 | Natural population growth and increasing immigration from Ireland and Germany | (Cause and Effect) Made the fast-growing United States the fourth most populous nation in the Western world | 77 | |
| 515028380 | The poverty and Roman Catholic faith of most Irish immigrants | (Cause and Effect) Aroused nativist hostility and occasional riots | 78 | |
| 515028381 | Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin | (Cause and Effect) Transformed southern agriculture and gave new life to slavery | 79 | |
| 515028382 | The passage of general incorporation and limited-liability laws | (Cause and Effect) Enabled businesspeople to create more powerful and effective joint-stock capital ventures | 80 | |
| 515028383 | The early efforts of labor unions to organize and strike | (Cause and Effect) Aroused fierce opposition from businesspeople and guardians of the law | 81 | |
| 515028384 | Improved western transportation and the new McCormick reaper | (Cause and Effect) Encouraged western farmers to specialize in cash-crop agricultural production for eastern and European markets | 82 | |
| 515028385 | The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 | (Cause and Effect) Opened the Great Lakes states to rapid economic growth and spurred the development of major cities | 83 | |
| 515028386 | The development of a strong east-west rail network | (Cause and Effect) Bound the two northern sections together across the mountains and tended to isolate the South | 84 | |
| 515028387 | The replacement of household production by factory-made, store-bought goods | (Cause and Effect) Weakend many women's economic status and pushed them into a separate sphere of home and family | 85 |
