Found at the end of the chapter
Terms : Hide Images
| 1614982170 | Canadian Shield | A zone undergirded by ancient rock | 0 | |
| 1614982171 | Incas | Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present day Peru until it was conquered by Spanish Forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Developed sophisticated agricultural techniques such as terrace farming, in order to sustain large, complex societies in the unforgiving Andes Mountains. | 1 | |
| 1614982172 | Aztecs | Native American empire that controlled present day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernán Cortés. They maintianed control over their vast empire through a system of trade and tribute, and came to be known for their advances in mathematics and writing, and their use of human sacrifices in religious ceremonies. | 2 | |
| 1614982173 | Nation-States | a form of political organization in which a group of people who share the same history, traditions, or language live in a particular area under one government | 3 | |
| 1614982174 | Cahokia | Mississippian settlement present-day St Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native-Americans. | 4 | |
| 1614982175 | Three-Sister Farming | Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D.; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields. | 5 | |
| 1614982176 | Middlemen | In trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original producers of goods and the retail merchants who sell to consumers. After the eleventh century, European exploration was driven in large part by a desire to acquire alluring Asian goods without paying heavy tolls to Muslim ... | 6 | |
| 1614982177 | Caravel | A ship that can sail more closely to the wind. | 7 | |
| 1614982178 | Plantation | Large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. European settlers established plantations in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and the American South. | 8 | |
| 1614982179 | Columbian Exchange | The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between the New and Old World Societies after 1492. | 9 | |
| 1614982180 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Signed by Spain and Portugal dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands Africa and Asia. | 10 | |
| 1614982181 | Conquistadores | Sixteenth century Spaniards who fanned out across the Americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Incan empire. | 11 | |
| 1614982182 | Capitalism | Economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets. European colonization of the Americas, and in particular the discovery of vast bullion deposits, helped to bring about Europe's transition to capitalism. | 12 | |
| 1614982183 | Encomienda | Spanish government's policies to "commend" or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of a broader Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies, and on the North American mainland. | 13 | |
| 1614982184 | Noche Triste | (June 30, 1520) "Sad Night", when the Aztecs attacked Hernán Cortés and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochitlán, killing hundreds. Cortés laid siege to the city the following year, precipitating the fall of the Aztec Empire and inaugurating three centuries of Spanish rule. | 14 | |
| 1614982185 | Mestizos | People of mixed Indian and European heritage. | 15 | |
| 1614982186 | Battle of Acoma | (1599): Fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Oñate and the Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico. Spaniards brutally crushed the pueblo peoples and established the territory as New Mexico in 1609. | 16 | |
| 1614982187 | Popé's Rebellion | Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico. Provoked by Roman Catholic missionaries efforts to suppress native religious customs | 17 | |
| 1614982188 | Black Legend | False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ. | 18 |
