Chapter 28 key terms/people off the list distributed to Mr. Harrah's 2014-15 humanities classes. Please tell me if there are any spelling or grammar errors and I'll fix them as soon as possible please and thank you?
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| 2299614985 | Henry Demarest Lloyd | Muckraker and author of Wealth Against Commonwealth which exposed the corrption of Standard Oil. | 0 | |
| 2299618390 | Thorstein Veblen | Muckraker and author of The Theory of the Leisure Class which attacked the parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful business rather than productive industry. | 1 | |
| 2299627497 | Jacob Riis | Muckraker who attacked social and political evils with his novel "How The Other Half Lives" which exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen and led to the promotion of safety and health through building codes. | 2 | |
| 2299638565 | Lincoln Steffans | Muckraker and author of The Shame of the Cities which analyzed political corruption in cities and led to the use of city commissions and managers. | 3 | |
| 2299640185 | Theodore Dreiser | Muckraker and author of The Financier and The Titan which assailed parasitic promoters and profiteers. | 4 | |
| 2299645514 | Jane Addams | Founder of the Settlement House Movement with Hull House (Chicago). | 5 | |
| 2299653318 | Lillian Wald | Founder of the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service, which provided nursing and social services and organized educational and cultural activities; considered the founder of public nursing | 6 | |
| 2299671825 | Ida Tarbell | Muckraker and journalist who wrote a series of articles in McClure's Magazine exposing the ruthless tactics of Standard Oil and contributed to its dissolution as a monopoly. | 7 | |
| 2299677881 | Ray Stannard Baker | Muckraker and author of Following the Color Line which exposed the subjugation of blacks in the South. | 8 | |
| 2299683183 | Robert M. La Follette | Governor of Wisconsin and the "most militant of the progressive Republican leaders," he broke up lumber and railroad monopolies and promoted government regulation of public utilities. | 9 | |
| 2299690926 | Hiram W. Johnson | Governor of California, he broke up the monopoly of the Southern Pacific Railroad and emulated La Follette's political policies. | 10 | |
| 2299697214 | Frances Willard | Founder of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, she worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol, urged laws banning the sale of liquor, and worked to outlaw saloons to strengthen democracy. | 11 | |
| 2299705113 | Florence Kelley | Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leading advocate of improved factory conditions; leader of the National Consumers League. | 12 | |
| 2299713185 | Louis D. Brandeis | Attorney who argued before the Supreme Court in Muller vs. Oregon for the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers. | 13 | |
| 2299717579 | Upton Sinclair | Muckraker and author of The Jungle, which attempted to improve industrial working conditions by exposing poor sanitation in Chicago's slaughterhouses but instead prompted the passage of the Meat Inspection Act. | 14 | |
| 2299726650 | John Muir | Preservationist, Sierra Club leader, and nature writer who was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California. | 15 | |
| 2299733882 | Jack London | Naturalist and author of The Call of the Wild which celebrated the triumph of brute force, the will to survive, and the conflict between nature and civilization. | 16 | |
| 2299741473 | Gifford Pinchot | Conservationist and head of the federal Division of Forestry who was strongly supported by Progressives; involved in the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. | 17 | |
| 2299746593 | Eugene V. Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, supporter of the Pullman strike, and 5-time Socialist presidential candidate. | 18 | |
| 2299749331 | Nelson W. Aldrich | Senator who led a series of amendments to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill increasing tariff rates substantially. | 19 | |
| 2299755395 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic presidential candidate in the election of 1908 against Taft. | 20 | |
| 2299764301 | William Howard Taft | Endorsed by Roosevelt in the election of 1908 to carry on the Progressive program, then openly pursued conservative policies while passively managing Congress, resulting in an almost complete loss of support among Progressives, Roosevelt included. | 21 | |
| 2299778044 | Victor L. Berger | First Socialist congressman elected to the House (1910). | 22 | |
| 2299782584 | Richard Ballinger | Taft's Secretary of the Interior who was supported by conservatives and involved in the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. | 23 | |
| 2299785938 | initiative | Allows voters to petition state legislatures in order to consider a bill proposed by citizens. | 24 | |
| 2299787079 | referendum | Allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed. | 25 | |
| 2299787564 | recall | Allows voters to petition to remove an elected representative from office. | 26 | |
| 2299789661 | "white slave" traffic | Popular in the early 1900s, men were allegedly tricking, coercing, and drugging women to get them involved in prostitution and then forcing them to stay in brothels. | 27 | |
| 2299793632 | "separate spheres" | Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society (i.e. women as wives, mothers, homemakers; men as breadwinners, participants in business/politics). | 28 | |
| 2299796605 | "wet" and "dry" states | Terms used to refer to states which allowed or did not allow alcohol, respectively. | 29 | |
| 2299798804 | trustbusting | Use of antitrust laws to prosecute and dissolve trusts; strongly endorsed by Roosevelt and liberally (sometimes wrongly) applied by Taft. | 30 | |
| 2299801002 | conservationism | Environmental view which stated that land should be protected for carefully managed development; led to the formation of the National Parks System | 31 | |
| 2299809945 | preservationism | Environmental view which stated that land should be protected for its natural beauty and not for its possible human use. | 32 | |
| 2299811868 | dollar diplomacy | Foreign policy utilized by Taft by which the U.S. exchanged financial support for the right to guide countries' commercial ventures, primarily in South America and the Caribbean; exchanging money for political influence. | 33 | |
| 2299818715 | "rule of reason" | Supreme Court doctrine that held that only trusts that unreasonably restrained trade were illegal; restricted federal antitrust legislation | 34 | |
| 2299821211 | muckrakers | Journalists and writers who tried to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public; popularized sensationalism and "yellow journalism" | 35 | |
| 2299823930 | Seventeenth Amendment (1913) | Constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators | 36 | |
| 2299825465 | Eighteenth Amendment (1919) | Amendment imposing the federal prohibition of alcohol. It emerged from the organized efforts of the temperance movement and Anti-Saloon League. | 37 | |
| 2299829098 | General Federation of Women's Clubs | United primarily middle class, white women (excluded women of color); discussed civic and literary issues; advocated for children clinics, schools, purer food and drug supply, and women's suffrage. | 38 | |
| 2299832647 | Women's Trade Union League | Founded by female union members and upper class reformers to help female workers by raising money to support strikes, march on picket lines, and bail striking women out of jail. | 39 | |
| 2299836609 | National Consumers League | Formed in the 1890's under the leadership of Florence Kelly, attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturing to improve wages and working conditions. | 40 | |
| 2299838382 | Elkins Act (1903) | Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to ban railroads from charging farmers unfairly high rebates and fees. | 41 | |
| 2299843199 | Hepburn Act (1906) | Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge to ship goods by rail. | 42 | |
| 2299848622 | Northern Securities Case | Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which paved the way for future trustbusting. | 43 | |
| 2299851547 | Muller vs. Oregon (1908) | Louis D. Branders convinces the Supreme Court to accept laws protecting women against the harmful effects of factory labor, despite feminist opposition. | 44 | |
| 2299854425 | Lochner vs. New York (1905) | Supreme Court ruled that the states could not restrict a labor agreement between worker and employer (i.e. the New York law that limited bakers to a 10-hour work day was ruled unconstitutional). | 45 | |
| 2299858368 | Triangle Shirtwaist fire (1911) | Fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company killed 146 women; drew attention to poor working conditions and allowed the government to protect workers, paving the way for various national labor reforms. | 46 | |
| 2299862897 | Woman's Christian Temperance Union | Fought for adoption of local and state laws restricting the sale of alcohol; founded by Frances E. Willard on the grounds that alcohol damaged family life and challenged religious values. | 47 | |
| 2299866247 | the Square Deal | Roosevelt's domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens by attacking the plutocracy and trusts and protecting business from the extreme demands of unorganized labor; intended to create opportunities for all. | 48 | |
| 2299869453 | Meat Inspection Act (1906) | Required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health-minded procedures. | 49 | |
| 2299871401 | Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) | Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed foods and medications. | 50 | |
| 2299872167 | Newlands Act (1902) | Encouraged conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigation systems using money from the sale of public lands. | 51 | |
| 2299879402 | Sierra Club | American environmental organization led by John Muir which helped promote the protection of the environment and nature. | 52 | |
| 2299883114 | Yosemite National Park | First national park ever established (Theodore Roosevelt, 1980); largely a result of the conservationist and preservationist movement. | 53 | |
| 2299902695 | New Nationalism | Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them. | 54 | |
| 2299904627 | U.S. Forest Service (1905) | Headed by conservationist Gifford Pinchot added nearly 150 million acres of national forests, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest. | 55 | |
| 2299912522 | Ballinger-Pinchot affair | Affair in wich Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development and was consequently criticized by Pinchot; ruther widened the gap between progressive and conservative Republicans. | 56 | |
| 2299917414 | Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill | Tariff proposed by Taft in an attempt to lower tariffs, only to be amended so thoroughly by Senator Nelson Aldrich that it ultimately raised tariffs. | 57 | |
| 2299920415 | Old Guard | Conservative Republicans, mostly Taft-supporters. | 58 |
