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| 5926044399 | Border States | Five slave states—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia—that did not secede during the Civil War. To keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union. |  | 0 |
| 5926044400 | Fort Sumter | South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort. |  | 1 |
| 5926044401 | Homestead Act | A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land. |  | 2 |
| 5926044402 | National Banking System | Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds. | 3 | |
| 5926044403 | New York draft riots | Uprising, mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft. Rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions. |  | 4 |
| 5926044404 | writ of habeas corpus | Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. |  | 5 |
| 5926054457 | Trent Affair | In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release | 6 | |
| 5926116359 | The Menace of Secession | President Abraham Lincoln declared that secession was impractical because the North and South were not geographically divided. He also stated that with secession, new controversies would arise, including the national debt, federal territories, and the fugitive-slave issue. Lincoln's Inaugural Address: there would be no conflict unless the South provoked it. | 7 | |
| 5926120332 | South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter | When President Lincoln was elected, there were only two significant forts in the South that flew the Union's flag. Fort Sumter, in the Charleston harbor, needed supplies in order to support its men. Therefore, Lincoln adopted a middle-of-the-road solution. He told the South that the North was sending provisions to the fort, not supplies for reinforcement. Taking the move by Lincoln as an act of aggression, the South Carolinians fired upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee all seceded after the attack on Fort Sumter. The 11 seceded states were known as the "submissionists." Lincoln now had a reason for an armed response. He called upon the Union states to supply militiamen. | 8 | |
| 5926122179 | Brothers' Blood and Border Blood | Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia were the Border States. They were the only slave states that hadn't seceded from the Union. The Border States contained the Ohio River, a vital necessity for both the North and South. Lincoln's official reason for the war was to preserve the Union, not to end slavery. Supporting an end to slavery would likely have caused the pro-slavery Border States to also secede. The Five Civilized Tribes (Native American) (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles) sided with the Confederacy. These tribes were allowed to send delegates to the Confederate congress. Most of the Plains Indians sided with the Union. | 9 | |
| 5926128520 | The Balance of Forces | The South had the advantage of fighting defensively on its own land and it did not have to win in order to preserve the Confederacy; it just had to fight to a draw. Abraham Lincoln offered Robert E. Lee to command the Northern army, but Lee turned down the job after his home state of Virginia seceded. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was Lee's chief lieutenant. There were not a lot of factories in the South, but the South was able to seize federal weapons from the Union. The North held ¾ of the nation's wealth and ¾ of the nation's railroad system. It also had nearly twice as large of a population as the South, partly because more European immigrants arrived in the North. | 10 | |
| 5926143771 | Union | the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 23 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or "the Confederacy." | 11 | |
| 5926167055 | graft | Deceitful or fraudulent use of one's position, especially in public office, to obtain personal profits or advantages. relates to the fact that people were going around stealing money from the federal government when they were signing up for war | 12 | |
| 5926180492 | Alabama (1862-1864) | British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War. One of many built by the British for the Confederacy, despite Union protests. | 13 | |
| 5926187318 | Greenbacks | Paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War. Inadequately supported by gold, Greenbacks fluctuated in value throughout the war, reaching a low of 39 cents on the dollar. | 14 | |
| 5926210634 | civil war | "rich mans war, poor mans fight" | 15 | |
| 5926221676 | Morrill Land Grant of 1862 | another one of the Government's acts worked to encourage more settlers into the Great Plains (passed along with the Homestead Act of 1862). the Act set aside land and provided money for agricultural colleges, eventually, agricultural science became a huge industry | 16 | |
| 5926150717 | Confederacy | Confederate States of America. Name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own country during the Civil War | 17 | |
| 5926160754 | Anaconda Plan | Union war plan by Winfield Scott; called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi River, and to take an army through heart of South. A Union strategy to defeat the confederacy. 1. the union (north) plans to gain control of the capital of the confederacy: Richmond. Virginia 2. the union will create a naval blockade by putting ships around the confederacy to limit trading and selling with Europe. 3. North planned to capture and gain control of the Mississippi River and split the south in two parts. Significance: If river is taken away, Southerners will economically die. Mississippi River is the major artery of the South. | 18 | |
| 5926180687 | Dred Scott | Scott was a black slave who had lived with his master for five years in Illinois and Wisconsin territory. He sued for his freedom on the basis of his long residence in free territory. The Dred Scott court decision was handed down by the Supreme Court on March 6,1857. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a black slave (property) and not a citizen. Hence, he could not sue in a federal court. | 19 | |
| 5926194019 | Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 | 20 | |
| 5926213675 | Election of 1860 | Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. | 21 | |
| 5926246782 | Dethroning King Cotton | The South counted on foreign intervention to help win the war. The common people of Britain & France supported the North, hoping to end slavery. Because of this, these countries refrained from breaking the Union naval blockades. The British manufacturers depended on cotton from the South, but before the war, a surplus of cotton had developed in Britain, allowing it to function without purchasing cotton from the South. In 1861, this cotton supply ran out and many British factory workers were laid off. As Union armies penetrated the South, they sent cotton to Britain. King Wheat and King Corn, which were produced in great quantities in the North, proved to be more powerful than King Cotton. Therefore, Britain couldn't afford to break the Union blockade to access cotton. If it had done this, then it would have lost the wheat and corn from the North. | 22 | |
| 5926249340 | The Decisiveness of Diplomacy | The Trent affair occurred in late 1861. A Union warship stopped a British mail steamer, the Trent, and removed 2 Confederate diplomats who were heading to Europe. Britain started to send troops to Canada in retaliation, but the situation was resolved when President Lincoln freed the Confederate prisoners. British shipyards were surreptitiously producing Confederate commerce-raiders. The British ships left their ports unarmed, picked up arms elsewhere, and captured Union ships. One notable ship was the Alabama. The British attempted to end this practice in 1863. | 23 | |
| 5926250587 | Foreign Flare-Ups | In 1863, two Confederate warships were being built by a British shipyard. These ships had large iron rams would have destroyed the Union blockade. To avoid infuriating the North and potentially starting a war, the London government bought the ships for the Royal Navy. The British established the Dominion of Canada in 1867. It was partly designed to strengthen the Canadians against the possible vengeance of the United States. Emperor Napoleon III of France installed a French government in Mexico City in 1863. Maximilian was the French emperor of Mexico City. These actions were in direct violation of the Monroe Doctrine. Napoleon hoped that the Union would not retaliate due to its weakness from fighting the Civil War. When the Civil War ended in 1865, though, America threatened to invade Mexico. Napoleon was forced to abandon Maximilian and Mexico City. | 24 | |
| 5926253095 | President Davis versus President Lincoln | The one defect of the South's constitution was that its own states could secede. Some state troops refused to serve outside their borders. President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy often had disputes with his own congress. Davis's task as President proved to be beyond his powers. Lincoln and the North enjoyed a long-established government that was financially stable and fully recognized at home and abroad. | 25 | |
| 5926255348 | Limitations on Wartime Liberties | Because Congress was not in session when the war started, President Lincoln took several actions that normally had to be approved by Congress. He initiated a blockade, increased the size of the Federal army, directed the secretary of the Treasury to advance $2 million without appropriation or security to 3 private citizens for military purposes, and suspended the writ of habeas corpus (stated that a citizen could not be held without a trial). | 26 | |
| 5926258862 | Volunteers and Draftees: North and South | Due to lack of volunteers, Congress passed a federal draft law in 1863. Men who were called in the draft could pay $300 to buy a replacement. The Confederacy also passed a draft law. | 27 | |
| 5926260457 | The Economic Stresses of War | The North increased tariffs and excise taxes to financially support the war. It also created the first income tax. In early 1861, after enough anti-tariff Southern members had seceded, Congress passed the Morrill Tariff Act. It was a high protective tariff that increased duties by 5%-10%. This was designed to raise additional revenue and provide more protection for the Northern manufacturers. A protective tariff became identified with the Republican Party. The Washington Treasury issued paper money. The greenback currency was not backed by gold; it was backed by the Union's perceived credit. Because of this, the value of the greenback was constantly changing. In 1863, Congress authorized the National Banking System. It was designed to stimulate the sale of government bonds and to establish a standard currency. Banks who joined the National Banking System could buy government bonds and issue paper money that was backed by the bonds. The Confederate government also issued bonds and raised taxes. It was forced to print blue-backed paper money that was subject to runaway inflation. | 28 | |
| 5926262436 | The North's Economic Boom | Newly invented, labor-saving machinery enabled the North to expand economically. Mechanical reapers (farm machines used to harvest grain) allowed men to leave the farms for the war, while increasing harvesting capacity. Petroleum was discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859 and it led to a rush of people known as the "Fifty-Niners." The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to many people. The Civil War opened up many jobs for women that were originally occupied by men. The U.S. Sanitary Commission was organized by women to provide medical support to Union armies in the field. | 29 | |
| 5926263699 | A Crashed Cotton Kingdom | The North's blockade severely hampered the South's economy. Transportation in the South collapsed during the Civil War. Cotton capitalism had lost out to industrial capitalism. | 30 | |
| 5926319858 | Sumner-brooks affair | 1856 - Charles Sumner gave a two day speech on the Senate floor. He denounced the South for crimes against Kansas and singled out Senator Andrew Brooks of South Carolina for extra abuse. Brooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him. | 31 | |
| 5926210037 | Harper's Ferry | John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged | 32 | |
| 5926575910 | Roles of women | A handful disguised themselves as men and joined the fight. Others served as spies and nurses. Many more took on new roles at home after their husbands, brothers, and fathers responded to the calltoarms. | 33 | |
| 5955562418 | who was running in the election of 1860 | Abraham Lincoln of the Republican Party, Stephen Douglas of the Democratic Party, John Bell of the Constitutional Union Party, and John Breckenridge of the Southern Democratic Party | 34 | |
| 5955594157 | who represented the republican party | Abraham Lincoln | 35 | |
| 5955595776 | Northern democratic party | Stephen Douglas | 36 | |
| 5955597338 | southern democratic party | john Breckenrige | 37 | |
| 5955599476 | constitutional union party | john bell | 38 | |
| 5955569698 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin | 39 | |
| 5955571916 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | A book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery. | 40 | |
| 5956200691 | who was the chief justice on the dred scott decision | Roger B. Taney | 41 | |
| 5956216656 | compromise of 1850 | North: • California admitted as a free state • Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico • Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal South: • Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands • Texas was paid $10 million for land lost • A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | 42 | |
| 5956230316 | Stephen A. Douglas | Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine | 43 | |
| 5956234297 | lame duck president, before Lincoln | james buchanan | 44 | |
| 5956241868 | Missouri Compromise | 1820, The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. | 45 | |
| 5999553645 | Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | Confederate general whose men stopped Union assault during the Battle of Bull Run he was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. he earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidently mortally wounded him. | 46 | |
| 6001834259 | Ulysses S. Grant | U.S. president 1873-1877. Military hero of the Civil War, he led a corrupt administration, consisting of friends and relatives. Although Grant was personally a very honest and moral man, his administration was considered the most corrupt the U.S. had had at that time. | 47 | |
| 6001870452 | Bull Run | July 21, 1861. Va. (outside of D.C.) People watched battle. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: Confederate general, held his ground and stood in battle like a "stone wall." Union retreated. Confederate victory. Showed that both sides needed training and war would be long and bloody | 48 | |
| 6001873565 | Robert E. Lee | Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force The General of the Confederate troops; he was prosperous in many battles; was defeated at Antietam in 1862 when he retreated across the Potomac; this halt of Lee's troops justified Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation; he was defeated at Gettysburg by General Mead's Union troops; surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. | 49 | |
| 6001886733 | 54th Massachusetts Regiment | one of the first African-American regiments organized to fight for the union in the Civil War, led an attack on Ft. Wagner near Charleston, SC2 | 50 | |
| 6001900785 | Battle of Vicksburg | 51 | ||
| 6001956904 | William T sherman | Union army general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south. led march to destroy all supplies and resoures, beginning of total warfare. He set out from Chattanooga TN on a campaign of deliberate destruction that went across the state of Georgia into SC and then into NC He destroyed everything the enemy might use to survive The march broke the will of the South to fight | 52 | |
| 6001966112 | Monitor Vs. Merrimack | most alarming Confederate threat to the blockade; 1862; the Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) threatened catastrophe to entire Yankee blockading fleet; the Monitor fought the Merrimack to a standstill; a few months after the battle, the Confederates destroyed the Merrimack to keep it from the grasp of advancing Union troops. | 53 | |
| 6001972792 | crittenden compromise | 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans | 54 |
