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| 350660299 | progressives | waged war on many evils including monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice | |
| 350660300 | Henry Demarest Lloyd | author of Wealth Against the Commonwealth, assailed Standard Oil Company | |
| 350660301 | Thorstein Veblen | assailed newly rich with his book The Theory of the Leisure Class | |
| 350660302 | Jacob Riis | reporter for the New York Sun who shocked middle-class Americans in 1890 with How the Other Half Lives, a book about the New York slums | |
| 350660303 | Theodore Dreiser | used blunt prose to batter profiteers in The Financier and The Titan | |
| 350660304 | Muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | |
| 350660305 | Lincoln Steffens | launched a series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities" which unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government | |
| 350660306 | The Shame of the Cities | series of articles in McClure's which unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government | |
| 350660307 | Ida Tarbell | published a devastating but factual depiction of the Standard Oil Company | |
| 350660308 | David G Phillips | published a series, "The Treason of the Senate" in Cosmopolitan that charged that 75 of the 90 senators did not represent the people but they rather represented railroads and trusts | |
| 350660309 | The Treason of the Senate | series of articles by David Phillips that charged that 75 of the 90 senators did not represent the people but they rather represented railroads and trusts | |
| 350660310 | Ray Stannard | wrote about the suppression of blacks in Following the Color Line | |
| 350660311 | John Spargo | wrote about the abuses of child labor in The Bitter Cry of the Children | |
| 350660312 | progressive goals | use state power to control the trusts and to stem the socialist threat by generally improving the the common person's condition of life and labor | |
| 350660313 | initiative | voters could directly propose legislation themselves, thus bypassing the boss-sought state legislatures; supported by Progressives | |
| 350660314 | referendum | would place laws on ballots for final approval by the people; supported by Progressives | |
| 350660315 | recall | would enable the voters to remove faithless corrupt officials; supported by Progressives | |
| 350660316 | 17th Amendment | 1913; established the direct election of U.S. senators | |
| 350660317 | Robert LaFollette | governor of Wisconsin and significant figure of the progressive era; took considerable control from the corrupt corporations and returned it to the people | |
| 350660318 | Hiram Johnson | governor of California; helped to break the dominant grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics in 1910 | |
| 350660319 | settlement house movement | exposed middle-class women to poverty, political corruption, and intolerable working and living conditions | |
| 350660320 | Women's Trade Union League | a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions | |
| 350660321 | National Consumer's League | Organization for female activists that ensured safe food products for family consumption. | |
| 350660322 | Florence Kelley | took control of the National Consumers League in 1899 and mobilized female consumers to pressure for laws safeguarding women and children in the workplace. Caught up in the crusade, some states controlled, restricted, or abolished alcohol. | |
| 350660323 | Square Deal | enacted by TR, three parts: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources | |
| 350660324 | George F. Baer | A spokesman for the mine owners, who reflected the attitude of the ungenerous owners. Refused to negotiate with Pennsylvania miners. | |
| 350660325 | Department of Commerce | the United States federal department that promotes and administers domestic and foreign trade (including management of the census and the patent office) | |
| 350660326 | Interstate Commerce Commission | A five member board that monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states. | |
| 350660327 | Elkins Act | (1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers | |
| 350660328 | Hepburn Act of 1906 | restricting free passes and expanding the Interstate Commerce Commission to extend to include express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines | |
| 350660329 | free passes | rewards offered to companies allowing an allotted number of free shipments; given to companies to encourage future business | |
| 350660330 | Northern Securities Company | railroad trust company that sought to achieve a monopoly of the railroads in the Northwest; challenged by TR | |
| 350660331 | Meat Inspection Act of 1906 | Passed in 1906 largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry | |
| 350660332 | Pure Food and Drug Act | the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs | |
| 350660333 | Upton Sinclair | wrote the Jungle | |
| 350660334 | The Jungle | This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. | |
| 350660335 | Desert Land Act of 1887 | federal government sold dry land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser would irrigate the soil within 3 years | |
| 350660336 | Forest Reserve Act of 1891 | authorized the president to set aside public forests as national parks and other reserves | |
| 350660337 | Carey Act of 1894 | distributed federal land to the states on the condition that it be irrigated and settled | |
| 350660338 | Newlands Act of 1902 | authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects | |
| 350660339 | multiple-use resource management | ought to combine recreation, sustained-yield logging, watershed protection, and summer stock grazing on the same expanse of federal land | |
| 350660340 | panic of 1907 | Brief but sharp economic downturn of 1907, blamed by conservatives on the supposedly dangerous president | |
| 350660341 | Aldrich-Vreeland Act | authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral | |
| 350660342 | William Taft | Republican candidate for election of 1908 | |
| 350660343 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic candidate for election of 1908 | |
| 350660344 | Manchuria | Japan and Russia controlled the railroads here; President Taft saw in the Manchurian monopoly a possible strangulation of Chinese economic interests and a slamming of the Open Door policy | |
| 350660345 | Philander C. Knox | secretary of state that proposed that a group of American and foreign bankers buy the Manchurian railroads and then turn them over to China; rejected by Japan and Russia | |
| 350660346 | Standard Oil Company | dissolved in 1911 | |
| 350660347 | rule of reason | doctrine that stated that only those trusts that unreasonably restrained trade were illegal | |
| 350660348 | Payne-Aldrich Bill | tariff bill that placed a high tariff on many imports; 1909 | |
| 350660349 | Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel | when Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development, he was criticized by chief of the Agriculture Department's Division of Forestry, Gifford Pinchot; When Taft dismissed Pinchot, much protest arose from conservationists | |
| 350660350 | Ballinger | secretary of the interior who opened public lands to corporate development | |
| 350660351 | Pinchot | Head of the fed Division of Forestry who broke important ground with the conservation movement | |
| 350660352 | National Progressive Republican League | formed with La Follette as its leading candidate for the Republican presidential nomination | |
| 350660353 | Taft-Roosevelt explosion | happened in June of 1912 when the Republican convention met in Chicago. When it came time to vote, the Roosevelt supporters claimed fraud and in the end refused to vote. Taft subsequently won the Republican nomination. | |
| 350660354 | Charles Evans Hughes | United States jurist who served on the Supreme Court (1862-1948) | |
| 350660355 | Old Guard | This group controlled the Republican National Committee which awarded all but 19 of the disputed seats in Congress to Taft. | |
| 350660356 | dollar diplomacy | diplomacy influenced by economic considerations |
