Chapter 34: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War (16 terms)
pages 853 - 874;
Transcribed by alexwyllie
Terms : Hide Images
| 2295082872 | London Economic Conference | A sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates. Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening world economic crisis. | 0 | |
| 2295092410 | Good Neighbor Policy | A departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Good Neighbor Policy stressed nonintervention in Latin America. It was begun by Herbert Hoover but associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt. | 1 | |
| 2295097267 | Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act | This act reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without Senate approval. Its chief architect was Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who believed that tariff barriers choked off foreign trade. | 2 | |
| 2295103530 | Rome-Berlin Axis | Nazi germany, under Adolf Hitler, and Fascist Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, allied themselves together under this nefarious really. The pact was signed after both countries had intervened on behalf of the fascist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War. | 3 | |
| 2295108145 | Johnson Debt Default Act | Steeped in ugly memories of World War I, this spiteful act prevented debt-ridden nations from borrowing further from the United States. | 4 | |
| 2295110935 | Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 | Short-sighted acts passed in 1935, 1936, and 1937 in order to prevent American participation in a European War. Among other restrictions, they prevented Americans from selling munitions to foreign belligerents. | 5 | |
| 2295115332 | Abraham Lincoln Brigade | Idealistic American volunteers who served in the Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from the fascist General Francisco Franco's nationalist coup. Some 3,000 americans served alongside volunteers from other countries. | 6 | |
| 2295120171 | Quarantine Speech | An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, presumably through economic embargo. The speech flew in the face of isolationist politicians. | 7 | |
| 2295126065 | Appeasement | The policy followed by leaders of Britain and France at the 1938 conference in Munich. Their purpose was to avoid war, but they allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. | 8 | |
| 2295128854 | Hitler-Stalin pact | Treaty signed on August 23, 1939 in which Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. The fateful agreement paved the way fro German aggression against Poland and the Western democracies. | 9 | |
| 2295132084 | Neutrality Act of 1939 | This act stipulated that European democracies might buy American munitions, but only if they could pay in cash and transport them in their own ships. The terms were known as "Cash-and-Carry." It represented an effort to avoid war debts and protect American arms-carriers from torpedo attacks. | 10 | |
| 2295139477 | Kristallnacht | German for "night of broken glass," it refers to the murderous program that destroyed Jewish businesses and synagogues and sent thousands to concentration camps on the night of September 9, 1838. Thousands more attempted to find refuge in the United States, but were ultimately turned away due to restrictive immigration laws. | 11 | |
| 2295144956 | War Refugee Board | A United States agency formed to help rescue Jews from German-occupied territories and to provide relief to inmates of Nazi concentration camps. The agency performed noble work, but did not begin operations until very late in the war, after millions had already been murdered. | 12 | |
| 2295154323 | Lend-Lease Bill | Based on the motto, "Send guns, not sons," this law abandoned former pretenses of neutrality by allowing Americans to sell unlimited supplies of arms to any nation defending itself against the Axis Powers. Patriotically numbered 1776, the bill was praised as a device for keeping the nation out of World War II. | 13 | |
| 2295159766 | Atlantic Charter | Meeting on a warship off the coast of Newfoundland in August 1941, Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed this covenant outlining the future path toward disarmament, peace, and a permanent system of general security. Its spirit would animate the founding of the United Nations and raise awareness of the human rights of individuals after World War II. | 14 | |
| 2295165607 | Pearl Harbor | An American naval base in Hawaii where Japanese warplanes destroyed numerous ships and caused 3,000 casualties on December 7, 1941 - a day that, in President Roosevelt's words, was to "live in infamy." The attack brought the United States into World War II. | 15 |
