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Van Buren's Presidency
Harrison's Presidency
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| The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. | ||
| The 7th Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. He was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. | ||
| United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852) | ||
| Founder of the democratic party., succeeded Jackson/wanted to modernize the Democratic Party/wasn't as popular as Jackson/was blamed for the depression that followed the killing of the US Bank/wasn't re-elected | ||
| of Georgia was nominated by the Republican caucus(last caucus selection), as he was the favorite of the extreme states' rights faction of the party. But other candidates received nominations from state legislatures and won endorsements from mass meetings throughout the country. | ||
| Sixth president of the United States He was in favor of funding national research and he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. During his presidency the National Republicans were formed in support of him. | ||
| Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union. | ||
| He was an American financier who was also president of the Bank of the United States. He was also known for his bribes. He was in charge during the bank war, where Jackson refused to deposit federal funds, which bled the bank dry. He also showed the corruption of the bank. | ||
| Austin, Texas was named after him; he was the man the brought the first Americans into Texas because he was granted permission by the Mexicans | ||
| was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. | ||
| United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the Republic of Texas | ||
| elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery | ||
| The Mexican dictator and military leader in the time of the Alamo. When Stephen Austin went to negotiate with him, he shut him in jail for eight months. Was the opposition to American Texans. He wiped out Texans at the Alamo, however he surrendered to Sam Houston in 1836. | ||
| The leader of the Illinois tribes of Indians in the 1830's. When the Indians were uprooted, and forced out of their homes, he led the Indians in resisting the move. However, he wasn't powerful enough, because in 1832 they were brutally defeated, and forced to move into Oklahoma. | ||
| Commander of the defenders of the Alamo who was only 26 years old. He was determined to hold his position and managed to send messages through Mexican lines asking for assistance, but none came. He was killed in the Battle of the Alamo, and he was important because his death made Texas fight harder for their independence. | ||
| A mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started. | ||
| the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation | ||
| Opposed to human slavery. | ||
| a political leader who worked his way up to the top from the bottom. Andrew Jackson was the model common man. He had been orphaned, so he fought in the Revolutionary War at age thirteen. In the War of 1812, he became a hero and launched his political career soon after. He was like the rest of the country, and that's why they liked him so much. The common man began to take over during the Jacksonian Democracy. | ||
| The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution. | ||
| The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Jackson made this practice famous for the way he did it on a wide scale. | ||
| A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. | ||
| continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature | ||
| the aspiration for national independence felt by people under foreign domination | ||
| supporters of Adams, After the 1824 election, part of the Democratic - Republican party joined John Q. Adams, Clay, and Daniel Webster to oppose Andrew Jackson. They favored nationalistic measures like recharter of the Bank of the United States, high tariffs, and internal improvements at national expense. They were supported mainly by Northwesterners and were not very successful. They were conservatives alarmed by Jackson's radicalness; they joined with the Whigs in the 1830's. | ||
| requires that the electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president, as well as providing that if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the House chooses from the three candidates who have the largest number of electoral votes; the Senate chooses from the top two candidates for vice pres. | ||
| March 4, 1829, Jackson was inaugurated as the new President. He invited anyone who wanted to attend a party at the White House. Thousands of commoners attended the reception which turned into a mob with people destroying and stealing things. The only thing that saved the White House was that the liquor and beer were moved outside. This phrase is used to refer to the masses and the move to democracy that Jackson seemed to epitomize. | ||
| Vice-President Calhoun anonymously published the essay South Carolina Exposition, which proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. It was written in reaction to the Tariff of 1828, which he said placed the Union in danger and stripped the South of its rights. South Carolina had threatened to secede if the tariff was not revoked; Calhoun suggested state nullification as a more peaceful solution. | ||
| a tariff imposed by Jackson which was unpopular in the South; South Carolina nullified it, but Jackson pushed through the Force Act, which enabled him to make South Carolina comply through force; Henry Clay reworked the tariff so that South Carolina would accept it, but after accepting it, South Carolina also nullified the Force Act | ||
| The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey. | ||
| When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. | ||
| 1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act. | ||
| They lived in Florida. They waged a seven years war against the Americans to try and remain in the east instead of being forcibly removed to the west. They were tricked into a truce where their chief Osceola was captured. Most were moved to Oklahoma while others remained hidden in the everglades. | ||
| A bill passed by Van Buren in 1837, that divorced the government from banking altogether, and established an independent treasury, so the government could lock its money in vaults in several of the larger cities. | ||
| * established 1791 (with a charter for 20 years) from a bill proposed by Hamilton. Its charter ended 1811 and Congress declined to renew it. *The Second Bank of the US was established 1816 (with another 20 year charter) because of the currency problem not having a centralized bank had created. * Tightening measures by the bank after a land boom in the West, many westerners believed, cause the Panic of 1819. Many people blamed the Bank of the US. * By 1830's Bank= nation's largest financial institution. Biddle President of bank since 1823. * Jackson hated the Bank, and after winning the 1832 elections began to weaken it, by removing the government's deposits from the bank. Biddle began to raise interest taxes, justifying himself by saying that without the government's money, the resources were too little. In the end, Biddle pushed too far, losing even his supporter, and Jackson was victorious. The back died in 1836, at the end of its charter. 3: 1775-1825 | ||
| texas declared independence in 1836 and Houston forced signed treaty with Santa Ana in 1836 | ||
| political party led by Thomas Jefferson; it feared centralized political power, supported states' rights, opposed Hamilton's financial plan, and supported ties with France. It was heavily influenced by a agrarian interests in the southern states. | ||
| An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements | ||
| Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. | ||
| The Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes, all located in the southeast. They were considered civilized by whites because they followed many of their practices, such as slavery. | ||
| He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories. | ||
| Irish-American inventor that developed the mechanical reaper. The reaper replaced scythes as the preferred method of cutting crops for harvest, and it was much more efficient and much quicker. The invention helped the agricultural growth of America. | ||
| This man invented the cotton gin which allowed for the faster picking of cotton in the Americas | ||
| nineteethne-century. He thought he knew everything about America until he got here and fond out there was no freedom at all becuase there wasnt any freedom of speech. After 10 years in America Lincon then names him American minister to Spain, then serves as a general in the Union army, newspaper correspondent, an editor, a U.S senator from Missouri, and the secretary of the interior. | ||
| American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) | ||
| Governor of New York who started the Erie Canal project. His leadership helped complete the canal, which boosted the economy greatly by cutting time traveled from west New York to the Hudson. | ||
| an American painter of portraits and historic scenes, the creator of a single wire telegraph system, and co-inventor, with Alfred Vail, of the Morse Code | ||
| was a noted educator, renowned for her forthright opinions on women's education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of a kindergarten into children's education. | ||
| created Native American portraits based on the Plains Indians. He thought that the Native American way of life was going to be extinct. | ||
| the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850. | ||
| the responsibility of a business's owners for losses only up to the amount they invest; limited partners and shareholders have limited liability | ||
| By 1850s, railroad transportation was fairly cheap and widespread. It allowed goods to be moved in large quantities over long distances, and it reduced travel time. | ||
| An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics. | ||
| the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house | ||
| an aggressive and often heedless explotiation of the west. settlers often killed species to the point of extinction, and they farmed the lands dry. it was a hard land to live on, and ecological imperialism was sometimes the only way to survive and make a profit. | ||
| a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building. | ||
| Dramatic increase btwn 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions. Resulted from thee combo impact of the increased output of farms and factories, the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants, and the dev of a transportation network of roads, canals and RR. | ||
| The basis for the American fur-trapping industry, many traders ventured to the Rocky Mountains each summer to trade with fur-trappers and Indians for pelts in exchange for manufactured goods. | ||
| farmer who farmed claim under Homestead Act, at least 21 years of age or heads of families, American citizens or immigrants filing for citizenship, built a house of a minimum size on their claim and lived there for at least 6 months a year, they had to farm the land for 5 years before claiming ownership | ||
| A term used by American historians to describe how women's authority was, beginning the mid-19th century, situated within the "separate sphere" of the home. This emerging discourse allowed (primarily) northern, middle class, white women to connect new ideas about gender roles within the family to their growing participation in abolitionism. | ||
| Negative term for a worker called in by an employer to replace striking laborers | ||
| components of any device designed to specifications which insure that they will fit within any device of the same type. Invented by Eli Whitney | ||
| machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development | ||
| Fulton's steamboat in 1807 which powered on/by a newly designed engine. It took the Clermont 32 hours to go 150 miles from New York to Albany. | ||
| a fast sailing ship used to transport materials quickly across the Atlantic, mostly to China, during the start of the American Industrial Period. | ||
| First passed in New York; "Laws of free incorporation"; meant that buisnessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature. | ||
| Established in 1860 to carry mail quickly from Missouri to Sacramento. Tiny people would ride ponies to stations ten miles apart and it would only take 10 days. The enterprise lost money and collapsed after 18 months, but it boosted technology later leading to machinery. | ||
| 1842 in Massachusetts; First judgement in the United States that recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions and that strikes for a closed shop are legal. Unions are not responsible for the illegal acts of their members. | ||
| made in 1846 by Elias Howe; made making clothing faster and cheaper | ||
| a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism | ||
| the new immigrants in the U.S. began to pose a threat to the "natives" because of their unknown languages and cultures. Some feared that the foreigners would outnumber them and eventually overrun the country. This hostility rekindled the spirit of European religious wars, resulting in clashes between the Protestants and Catholics. Some nativities formed this party in New York called the "Order of the Star Spangled Banner". The members refused to indentify themselves and would say they know nothing. They were an anti-Catholic group, until it subsided and slavery became the focal issue. Immigrants were helping to form the U.S. into one of the most ethnically and racially diverse societies in the history of the world. |
