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| 11894725240 | Buddhism | Belief system that started in India in the 500s BCE. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering. A path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality. |  | 0 |
| 11894725241 | 600 BCE - 600 CE | Classical Era Time Period | 1 | |
| 11894725242 | Hinduism | Most prevalent religion in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system. |  | 2 |
| 11894725243 | Confucianism | Emphasized education, family, peace, and justice |  | 3 |
| 11894725244 | Daoism (Taoism) | Philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, Who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao. |  | 4 |
| 11894725245 | Zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahura Mazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil |  | 5 |
| 11894725246 | Siddhartha Gautama | The founder of Buddhism |  | 6 |
| 11894725247 | Vedas | Religious texts that were passed down from generation to generation of Aryans in the form of hymns, songs, prayers and rituals honoring the Aryan gods | 7 | |
| 11894725248 | Reincarnation | The rebirth of a soul after the body dies | 8 | |
| 11894725249 | Nirvana | Union with the universal spirit; can be reached through the four noble truths and eightfold paths | 9 | |
| 11894725250 | Pax Romana | the period of peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire | 10 | |
| 11894725251 | Law of Twelve Tables | the earliest code of Roman civil, criminal, and religious law |  | 11 |
| 11894725252 | Punic wars | a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place. | 12 | |
| 11894725253 | Constantine | was Roman Emperor from 377 - 306BC, he was the first emperor to profess Christianity and turned Rome in a Christian State | 13 | |
| 11894725254 | Diaspora | Scattering of Hebrews because of conquerers that spread them to other parts of the earth | 14 | |
| 11894725255 | Karma | A destiny that has been shaped by years of cause and effect, that is outwardly revealed by and individuals caste or station life | 15 | |
| 11894725256 | Eightfold path | Composed of eight steps that must be mastered one at a time |  | 16 |
| 11894725257 | Dharma | Set of duties that the individual must fulfill | 17 | |
| 11894725258 | Great Wall of China | Wall began in the Qin Dynasty | 18 | |
| 11894725259 | Brahmin | Priests who compiled the Vedas | 19 | |
| 11894725260 | Kshatriya | warriors and officials (caste system) | 20 | |
| 11894725261 | Vaishya | merchants, artisans, and landowners (caste system) | 21 | |
| 11894725262 | Shudra | peasants and laborers (caste system) | 22 | |
| 11894725263 | Vedic Age | Lasted from 1500 to 500 BCE, time period after the collapse of the Indus River Valley Civilization, contained the Vedas, which are religious texts | 23 | |
| 11894725264 | Mauryan Empire | (321-184BC) The first united Indian state, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 BCE, after Alexander's defeat of weakened India; it lasted for more than 100 years, before it declined, and fell in 183 BCE. |  | 24 |
| 11894725265 | Gupta Empire | 320BC-550CE, located in northern India |  | 25 |
| 11894725266 | Persian Empire | Indo-Europeans who settled in present-day Iran. Defeated the Babylonians and created the largest empire in the world up to 500 BC. It stretched across Africa, the Mediterranean, Turkey, Greece, and Afghanistan. Persia was later conquered by Alexander the Great. |  | 26 |
| 11894725267 | Qin Dynasty | Iron weapons helped army defeat other states until it controlled China, King declared himself "First Emperor" or Shi Huangdi (ruled 221 - 210 BCE. The dynasty didn't last long but is significant in regard to the development of the Chinese state, and developed bureaucracy (it also made the Great Wall of China) | 27 | |
| 11894725268 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that lasted from 206-220BC and began the official establishment of the Silk Road. | 28 | |
| 11894725269 | Byzantine Empire | The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. | 29 | |
| 11894725270 | Hellenistic Synthesis | Hellenistic culture mixed with other cultures, creating cosmopolitan societies connected by trade and Greek culture | 30 | |
| 11894725271 | Athens and Sparta | two main city-states of Greek Empire | 31 | |
| 11894725272 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Han Feizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws. | 32 | |
| 11894725273 | Mandate of Heaven | Ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly. | 33 | |
| 11894725274 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher and scientist who was interested in practically every field of human endeavor. | 34 | |
| 11894725275 | Socrates | First philosopher to focus on ethical questions and truth-seeking regarding human nature, understandings and relationships | 35 | |
| 11894725276 | Marathon | Battle in 490 BCE Greeks defeat Persia | 36 | |
| 11894725277 | Peloponnesian war | 431-404 BCE) between Athens and Sparta. With Sparta winning, both were still majorly weakened, they were conquered by Macedonia | 37 | |
| 11894725278 | Triumvirate | Rule of three men holding power (in ancient Rome) Ex: the unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BC | 38 | |
| 11894725279 | Four noble truths | ・all of life is suffering ・all suffering is caused by desire for things that ultimately won't fulfill us ・desire can only be overcome by ending all desire ・desire can only be ended by following the eighthfold path | 39 | |
| 11894725280 | Alexander The Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 40 | |
| 11894725281 | Bureaucracy | A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives | 41 | |
| 11894725282 | Ashoka | Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism | 42 | |
| 11894725283 | Chandragupta Maurya | Founder of the Mauryan Empire, first emperor to unify most of India | 43 | |
| 11894725284 | Chandra Gupta | Founder of the Gupta Empire |  | 44 |
| 11894725285 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 45 | |
| 11894725286 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. |  | 46 |
| 11894725287 | Sparta | A powerful Greek military polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor. | 47 | |
| 11894725288 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. |  | 48 |
| 11894725289 | Analects | Collection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships. | 49 | |
| 11894725290 | Confucius | (551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi. |  | 50 |
| 11894725291 | Zoroaster | Founder of Zoroastrianism, a religion unique to Persia. | 51 | |
| 11894725292 | Royal Road | Created by King Darius, a system of roads in the Persian empire stretching over 1,600 miles. It connected the vast empire and helped with communication and transportation | 52 | |
| 11894725293 | Cyrus the Great | Extended territory from India to the Mediterranean Sea, Reached its height under Darius I (into Egypt and Macedonia) and established law code based on earlier Mesopotamian codes. | 53 | |
| 11894848157 | Warring States Period | the period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty. | 54 | |
| 11895007549 | Qin | Chinese dynasty in 200s BCE. Lasted 15 years. Unified Chinese kingdoms, built the Great Wall and its emperor was the legalistic Shi Huangdi. | 55 | |
| 11895007550 | Han | A term used to designate (1) the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture and (2) the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E. | 56 | |
| 11895007551 | Legalism (China) | a philosophy emphasizing strict obedience to the law system. | 57 | |
| 11895007552 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 58 | |
| 11895007553 | Qin Shihuangdi | (r.221-210 BCE) The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who believed strongly in Legalism and sought to strengthen the centralized China through public works. | 59 | |
| 11895007554 | Civil Service Exam | In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy. | 60 | |
| 11895007555 | Yellow Turban Uprising | A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony. | 61 | |
| 11895007556 | Aksum | A kingdom along the Red Sea today known as Ethiopia and Eritrea which grew wealthy from trade. | 62 | |
| 11895007557 | Bantu Migration | The movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 | 63 | |
| 11895007558 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. | 64 | |
| 11895007559 | Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 65 | |
| 11895007560 | Huns | All three of the classical empires (Romans, Han, and Gupta) faced the threat of invasion by this central Asian pastoral nomadic group. | 66 | |
| 11895007561 | Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. | 67 | |
| 11895007562 | cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 68 | |
| 11895007563 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 69 | |
| 11895007564 | Steppes | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to Mongol military. | 70 |
