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The Classical Era - AP World History - Timberline High School Flashcards

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5472629532BuddhismBelief system that started in India in the 500s BCE. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering. A path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality.0
5472629533600 BCE - 600 CEClassical Era Time Period1
5472629534JudaismA religion that originated in the Middle East, founded by Moses. They believe that there is one God whom they covenant. A common symbol for this religion is David's Star.2
5472629535ChristianityA religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus3
5472629536HinduismMost prevalent religion in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system.4
5472629537ConfucianismEmphasized education, family, peace, and justice5
5472629538Daoism (Taoism)Philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, Who taught that people should be guided by a universal force.6
5472629539ZoroastrianismA religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahura Mazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil7
5472629540TorahSacred Book for the Jewish & Judaism8
5472629541Synagoguesthe building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction9
5472629542Siddhartha GautamaThe founder of Buddhism10
5472629543VedasReligious texts that were passed down from generation to generation of Aryans in the form of hymns, songs, prayers and rituals honoring the Aryan gods11
5472629544ReincarnationThe rebirth of a soul after the body dies12
5472629545NirvanaUnion with the universal spirit; can be reached through the four noble truths and eightfold paths13
5472629546Pax Romanathe period of peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire14
5472629547Law of Twelve Tablesthe earliest code of Roman civil, criminal, and religious law15
5472629548Punic warsa series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place.16
5472629549Constantinewas Roman Emperor from 377 - 306BC, he was the first emperor to profess Christianity and turned Rome in a Christian State17
5472629550DiasporaScattering of Hebrews because of conquerers that spread them to other parts of the earth18
5472629551KarmaA destiny that has been shaped by years of cause and effect, that is outwardly revealed by and individuals caste or station life19
5472629552Eightfold pathComposed of steps that must be mastered one at a time according to Buddhist teaching20
5472629553MahabharataWorlds longest poem that contains Hindu beliefs21
5472629554DharmaSet of duties that the individual must fulfill22
5472629555ShivaA supreme deity, the preserver23
5472629556RamayanaA poem that demonstrates the fulfillment of Dharma24
5472629557VishnuA supreme deity, the destroyer25
5472629558PaulOne of the twelve men to follow Jesus and the most responsible for the rapid growth of Christianity. Was a key Christian leader who was initially a Jewish rabbi and hostile towards Christians, but became an ardent follower.26
5472629559Great Wall of ChinaDefensive structure began in the Qin Dynasty27
5472629560BrahminPriests who compiled the Vedas28
5472629561Kshatriyawarriors and officials (caste system)29
5472629562Vaishyamerchants, artisans, and landowners (caste system)30
5472629563Shudrapeasants and laborers (caste system)31
5472629564Vedic AgeLasted from 1500 to 500 BCE, time period after the collapse of the Indus River Valley Civilization32
5472629565Mauryan Empire(321-184BC) The first united Indian state, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 BCE, after Alexander's defeat of weakened India; it lasted for more than 100 years, before it declined, and fell in 183 BCE.33
5472629566Gupta Empire320BC-550CE, located in northern India34
5472629567Persian EmpireIndo-Europeans who settled in present-day Iran. Defeated the Babylonians and created the largest empire in the world up to 500 BC. It stretched across Africa, the Mediterranean, Turkey, Greece, and Afghanistan. Was later conquered by Alexander the Great.35
5472629568Qin DynastyIron weapons helped army defeat other states until it controlled China, King declared himself "First Emperor" or Shi Huangdi (ruled 221 - 210 BCE. The dynasty didn't last long but is significant in regard to the development of the Chinese state, and developed bureaucracy (it also made the Great Wall of China)36
5472629569Han DynastyDynasty that lasted from 206 BCE-220 CE and began the official establishment of the Silk Road.37
5472629570Byzantine EmpireThe eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.38
5472629571Mayan CivilizationCivilization of the Americas located in Central America that saw its height from 200-900 CE.39
5472629572Hellenistic Synthesismixed with other cultures, creating cosmopolitan societies connected by trade and Greek culture40
5472629573Athens and Spartatwo main city-states of Greek Empire41
5472629574LegalismChinese philosophy developed by Han Feizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws.42
5472629575Mandate of HeavenAncient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly.43
5472629576AristotleA Greek philosopher and scientist who was interested in practically every field of human endeavor.44
5472629577SocratesFirst philosopher to focus on ethical questions and truth-seeking regarding human nature, understandings and relationships45
5472629578MarathonBattle in 490 BCE Greeks defeat Persia46
5472629579Peloponnesian war431-404 BCE) between Athens and Sparta. With Sparta winning, both were still majorly weakened, they were conquered by Macedonia47
5472629580TriumvirateRule of three men holding power (in ancient Rome) Ex: the unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BC48
5472629581Four noble truths・all of life is suffering ・all suffering is caused by desire for things that ultimately won't fulfill us ・desire can only be overcome by ending all desire ・desire can only be ended by following the eighthfold path49
5472629582BoddhisatvaA person who had taken the the eightfold path and reached perfection but had delayed entering nirvana in order to help others along the way50
5472629583Alexander The GreatBetween 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.51
5472629584BureaucracyA system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives52
5472629585AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism53
5472629586Chandragupta MauryaFounder of the Mauryan Empire, first emperor to unify most of India54
5472629587Chandra GuptaFounder of the Gupta Empire55
5472629588Caste SystemA Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life56
5472629589AthensA democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.57
5472629590SpartaA powerful Greek military polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.58
5472629591Shi HuangdiFounder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization.59
5472629592AnalectsCollection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships.60
5472629593Confucius(551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi.61
5472629594Teotihuacan(200 BCE - 750 CE) Highland Mexico, largest city, obsidian, more than 5000 structures, pop 125-200k people, large pyramids, no ball courts, no writing, city of the gods, evidence for large fires.62
5472629596Royal RoadCreated by King Darius, a system in the Persian empire stretching over 1,600 miles. It connected the vast empire and helped with communication and transportation63
5472629597Mayan2000 BCE - 1500 CE, located in Southern Mexico, and was divided into city-states each with their own kind, rural area for farming, and city area temples. They also had a fair legal system with laws and courts.64
5472629599Cyrus the GreatExtended territory from India to the Mediterranean Sea, Reached its height under Darius I (into Egypt and Macedonia) and established law code based on earlier Mesopotamian codes.65

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