Terms : Hide Images
| 1923450029 | Measurement of Light and Matter | measured with special instruments attached to telescopes. We can learn the chemical composition of distant objects as well as their different temperature, how fast they rotate , and whether they are moving away or toward us. -It carries information | 0 | |
| 1923450030 | Radiative energy | energy that light carries | 1 | |
| 1923450031 | color | basic property of light | 2 | |
| 1923450032 | spectrum | prism split into rainbow of light, basic colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet | 3 | |
| 1923450033 | defraction grating | hard piece that reflects rainbow of colors Ex: dvd's, cd's | 4 | |
| 1923450034 | white | when red, orange, green, blue and violet are reversed in equal portions | 5 | |
| 1923450035 | black | when there is no light and no colors | 6 | |
| 1923450036 | Emission | process by which matter emits energy in the form of light | 7 | |
| 1923450037 | absorption | a process where matter absorbs radiative energy. | 8 | |
| 1923450038 | Transmission | process in which light passes through matter without being absorbed | 9 | |
| 1923450039 | Reflections | Process where matter changes, the direction of light. (Light bounces in the same direction) The direction of a reflected beam depends on direction of incident | 10 | |
| 1923450040 | Scattering | when reflection is random. ex: projection screens | 11 | |
| 1923450041 | vision | brain interprets messages the light carries | 12 | |
| 1923450042 | Newton's Prism Experiment | Newton placed a second prism in front of the light and one color showed. It light came from a prism the second prism would have produced another rainbow of color, it didn't He discovered colors are not a property of the prism but are part of the white light itself. | 13 | |
| 1923450043 | wavelength | is the distance from one peak to the next (or trough to the next) | 14 | |
| 1923450044 | Particles | are separate objects - things | 15 | |
| 1923450045 | Waves | are patterns, revealed by interaction with particles | 16 | |
| 1923450046 | Frequency | number of peaks, passing any point each second - measured in cycles per second (Hertz, Hz) | 17 | |
| 1924393126 | Speed | how fast energy travels from one place to another speed= wavelength x frequency - The shorter the wavelength the higher the frequency, the more energy. | 18 | |
| 1924393127 | Electric magnetic spectrum | The complete spectrum of light, including radio waves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, x rays, and gamma rays. | 19 | |
| 1924393128 | Gamma rays | carries more energy, shortest wavelength | 20 | |
| 1924393129 | electric magnetic wave | are light waves that travel with vibrations of both magnetic and electric fields | 21 | |
| 1924393130 | Photon | An individual particle of light, characterized by a wavelength and a frequency. | 22 | |
| 1924393131 | light | is a particle and a wave - light consists of individual photons characterized by wavelengths | 23 | |
| 1924393132 | visible light | light our eyes can see | 24 | |
| 1924393133 | Infrared light | Light with wavelengths that fall in the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between radio waves and visible light | 25 | |
| 1924393134 | radio waves | longest wave length light, no noticeable effect on our bodies, can make electrons move up and down in an antenna | 26 | |
| 1924393135 | microwaves | wavelengths of light that fall near the border between infrared and radio waves, where wavelengths range from micrometers to centimeters | 27 | |
| 1924393136 | ultraviolet | light with wavelengths somewhat shorter than those of blue light because it lies beyond the the blue (violet) end of a rainbow -carry enough energy to harm cells in our skin. | 28 | |
| 1924393137 | x-rays | light with shorter wavelengths -have enough energy to penetrate through skin and muscle but can be blocked by bones or teeth | 29 | |
| 1924393140 | element | identified more than 100 of these, fire, water, earth, and air are not among these. Some of the more common ones are hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, silicon, iron, gold, silver, lean, and uranium | 30 | |
| 1924393141 | nucleus | found in the center of an atom -contains most of the atom's mass because protons and neutrons are each about 2k times as massive as an electron | 31 | |
| 1924393142 | electrons | a smeared out cloud that surrounds the nucleus and gives the atom it's apparent size - has an electrical charge that is precisely opposite that of a proton so it has a negative charge (-1) | 32 | |
| 1924393143 | electrical charge | properties of an atom depend on this. It is a fundamental physical property that describes how strongly an object will interact with electromagnetic fields. - Is the basic unit of positive charge (+1) | 33 | |
| 1924393144 | neutrons | are electrically neutral, meaning they have no charge. | 34 | |
| 1924393145 | Atom | Consists of nucleus made from protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. | 35 | |
| 1924393146 | atomic number | the number of protons in an atom | 36 | |
| 1924393147 | Atomic mass number | combined numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom | 37 | |
| 1924393148 | isotopes | contains same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons | 38 | |
| 1924393149 | molecules | atoms that are combined | 39 | |
| 1924393150 | compounds | molecules with two or more atoms | 40 | |
| 1924393151 | chemical bond | Interactions between electrons that hold the atoms in a molecule together Example: hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together in a molecule of h2o | 41 | |
| 1924457956 | Sublimation | The process by which molecules escape from a solid | 42 | |
| 1924457957 | Evaporation | Process by which molecules escape from a liquid | 43 | |
| 1924457958 | Molecular dissociation | When molecules split into pieces. Example: as temperature rises molecules move faster and collisions become more violent at high enough temperatures collisions become so violent that can break the chemical bonds holding individual water molecules together. | 44 | |
| 1924457959 | Ions | Atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge. | 45 | |
| 1924457960 | Ionization | Process of stripping electron from atoms Example: ionization turns what was once water into a hot gas consisting of freely moving electrons in positively charged ions of hydrogen and oxygen | 46 | |
| 1924457961 | Plasma | Type of hot gas in which atoms have become ionized Sometimes referred to as the fourth phase of matter because of its charged particles interaction with light | 47 | |
| 1924457962 | Pressure | Is the force per unit area pushing on an object's surface | 48 | |
| 1924457963 | Evaporation of water molecules | Balanced in part by molecules of water vapor in Earth's atmosphere returning to the ocean the rate at which these molecules return is directly related to the pressure created by water vapor in the atmosphere | 49 | |
| 1924457964 | Atom's containment of energy | 1) By virtue of their mass the possessed mass-energy mc2 2) Possesses kinetic energy by virtue of their motion 3) They contain electrical potential energy that depends on the arrangement of their electrons and their nuclei | 50 | |
| 1924457966 | Energy level transitions | Electron can rise from a little energy level to a higher one or fall from a higher level to a lower one - can only occur when an electron gains or loses the specific amount of energy separating the 2. | 51 | |
| 1924457967 | Spectroscopy | the process of obtaining spectra from astronomical objects | 52 | |
| 1924457968 | Continuous spectrum | When rainbow spans a broad range of wavelengths without interruption | 53 | |
| 1924457969 | Emission line spectrum | The spectrum of bright lines, bands, or continuous radiation characteristics. | 54 | |
| 1924457970 | Absorption line spectrum | A spectrum that contains absorption lines. | 55 | |
| 1951419268 | Thermal Radiation (Black Body Radiation) | The spectrum of radiation produced by an opaque object that depends only on the object's temperature. | 56 | |
| 1951419269 | Law One of Thermal Radiation | Each square meter of a hot objects surface emits more light at all wavelengths. Example: when a poker is still relatively cool it emits only infrared light which we cannot see. As it gets hot it begins to glow with visible light and includes more brightly as it gets hotter | 57 | |
| 1951419270 | Law two of thermal radiation | Hotter objects emit photons with a higher average energy , which means a shorter average Example: the color of a hot poker demonstrates this. | 58 | |
| 1951419271 | The Doppler effect | If an object is moving toward us the light waves bunch up between us and the object so its entire spectrum is shifted to shorter wavelengths. | 59 | |
| 1951419272 | Blueshift | A Doppler shift in which spectral features are shifted to shorter wavelengths, observed when an object is moving toward the observer. | 60 | |
| 1951419273 | Redshift | Longer wavelengths of visible light or rather when an object is moving away from us its light is shifted to longer wavelengths | 61 | |
| 1951419274 | Rest wavelengths | Wavelengths that are stationary. | 62 | |
| 1951429151 | Power | The rate of energy transfer measured in watts. | 63 |
