Key terms from chapter 8 (Political Geography) of The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography (8th edition) by James M. Rubenstein.
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| 3984398 | balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or allies of countries. | |
| 3984399 | Berlin Conference | The meeting of European powers in 1884-85 resulting in the Berlin Treaty and the partition of Africa into colonies of the attending nations. | |
| 3984400 | boundary | Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. | |
| 3984401 | city-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland. | |
| 3984402 | civil divisions | Divisions that divide citizens. | |
| 3984403 | colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. | |
| 3984404 | colony | A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent. | |
| 3984405 | compact state | A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. | |
| 3984406 | devolution | Transfer of powers from a state to separate locations. | |
| 3984407 | elongated state | A state with a long, narrow shape. | |
| 3984408 | exclave | Outlying portions of territories. | |
| 3984409 | EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zones) | An area (usually 370 km) from the shore in which a state has rights to explore, exploit, and manage natural resources in the seas. | |
| 3984410 | fragmented state | A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory. | |
| 3984411 | federal state | An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. | |
| 3984412 | frontier | A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control. | |
| 3984413 | high seas | Areas of seas considered beyond territorial waters. | |
| 3984414 | gerrymandering | Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. | |
| 3984415 | imperialism | Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. | |
| 3984416 | irredentism | The homeland of a nationality "spilling over" to another state. | |
| 3984417 | landlocked state | A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. | |
| 3984418 | microstate | A state that encompasses a very small land area. | |
| 3984419 | multinational state | State that contains two or more groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. | |
| 3984420 | perforated state | A state that completely surround another one. | |
| 3984421 | prorupted state | An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension. | |
| 3984422 | sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. | |
| 3984423 | state | An area organized into a political unit and is ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. | |
| 3984424 | stateless nation | A nationality that is not represented by a state. | |
| 3984425 | territorial waters | The area of sea around a country's coast recognized as being under that country's jurisdiction | |
| 3984426 | unitary state | An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. | |
| 3984427 | supranationalism | Association of three or more states. | |
| 3984428 | United Nations | An organization of nations that was formed in 1945 to promote peace, security, and international cooperation. |
