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The Earth and its people Third edition:Ch. 18 key terms Flashcards

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121706790Royal African CompanyA trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa.0
121706791Atlantic systemThe network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin.1
121706792chartered companyGroups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies.2
121706793Dutch West India CompanyTrading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.3
121706795plantocracyIn the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century.4
121706797driverA privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation5
121706799seasoningAn often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas.6
121706801manumissionA grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.7
121706803maroonA slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America.8
121706804capitalismThe economic system of large financial institutions that first developed in early modern Europe.9
121706805mercantilismEuropean government policies designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country.10
121706806Atlantic circuitThe network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.11
121706807Middle PassageThe part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.12
121706808SonghaiA people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa.13
121706809HousaAn agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa.14
121706810BornuA powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Also known as Kanem-Bornu, it endured from the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth.15

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