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The Earth and its Peoples: Chapter 22 Flashcards

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309992825Industrial Revolutionthe change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 18500
309992826agricultural revolutionA time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically1
309992827mass productionthe production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)2
309992828Josiah WedgwoodAn English maker of pottery and china, he developed mass production of quality porcelain. Signature blue or pink with cameo inset3
309992829division of laborDivision of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers4
309992830mechanizationuse of automatic machinery to increase production5
309992831Richard ArkwrightEnglish inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once6
309992832Crystal PalaceBuilding erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age7
309992833steam engineexternal-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder8
309992834James WattScottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)9
309992835electric telegraphA device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s and replaced telegraph systems that utilized visual signals such as semaphores10
309992836laissez fairethe doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs11
309992837mercantilisman economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests12
309992838positivisma quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation13

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