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| 2869474221 | legalism | 1) In China, a political philosophy 2) that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state oppression and control. | 0 | |
| 2869477170 | Daoism | 1) Chinese philosophy, originated during the Warring States period with Laozi (604-531 BCE). 2) offered an alternative to Confucianism emphasis on hierarchy and duty.3) taught to accept the world as you find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the "path" of nature. | 1 | |
| 2869478969 | Kush | 1) Egyptian name for Nubia. Kingdom south of Egypt in the early 2 millennium BCE 2) Had large deposits of gold, also traded luxury items received through Sub-Saharan Trade. | 2 | |
| 2869481929 | hierarchy | 1) a system of ranking, 2) where each rank is subordinate to the one above it. | 3 | |
| 2869483307 | aristocracy | 1) is an upper class; wealth is based on land ownership 2) and power is passed on from one generation to another. | 4 | |
| 2869484358 | bureaucracy | government officials | 5 | |
| 2869485405 | Hittites | 1) Established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the 2 millennium BCE. 2) Wealth based on traded metals, military power was based on chariot forces. 3) Competed with Egypt for control of Syria-Palestine. 4) Fell to unidentified invaders ca. 1200 BCE. | 6 | |
| 2869487162 | first temple | 1) monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem 2) by the King Solomon 3) in the 10th century BCE 4) to be the religious center for Israelites | 7 | |
| 2869496040 | Phoenicians | 1) People from the coast of Lebanon and Syria, in the first millennium BCE. 2) Merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, 3) engaged in long-distance trade, 4) established colonies (Carthage) | 8 | |
| 2869496758 | Carthage | 1) city located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 BCE. 2) Major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean 3) until destroyed by the Romans in 146 BCE | 9 | |
| 2869498523 | Neo-Babylonian kingdom | 1) Babylon AGAIN became a major political and cultural center in the 7-6th centuries BCE. 2) King Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and deported Jews to Babylon. | 10 | |
| 2869502314 | satrap | 1) governor of a province in the Persian empire 2) often a relative to the king | 11 | |
| 2869505701 | tyrant | 1) term used by the Greeks to describe someone who seized and held power 2) in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community, 3) 6-7th centuries BCE. | 12 | |
| 2869507855 | democracy | 1) system of government 2) in which all "citizens"(however defined) have equal political and legal rights, privileges and protections | 13 | |
| 2869515357 | Hedertous | 1) Greek historian in the 5th century B.C.E 2) recorded causes, events and results of the Persian Wars 3) Started the Western tradition of historical writing | 14 | |
| 2869527055 | Alexander the Great | - 1) King of Macedonia in northern Greece, 4th century BCE. 2)Conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, 3) founded many Greek-style cities and spread Greek culture across western Asia. | 15 | |
| 2869527744 | Hellenistic Age | 1) period from 323 to 30 BCE, 2) in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great | 16 | |
| 2869537758 | Hellenistic synthesis | 1) Blending of Greek and local cultures(Persian, Egyptian, Assyrian) on the territories conquered by Alexander's armies 3) As a result, a distinct new culture emerged (Hellenistic culture) | 17 | |
| 2869557124 | civilization | 1)society which relies on sedentary agriculture 2) and ability to produce food surpluses, 3) characterized by existence of nonfarming elites, merchant and manufacturing groups. | 18 | |
| 2869561918 | agriculture revolutions | 1) the change(transition) from food gathering to food production 2) that occurred between ca. 8000 BCE and 2000 BCE | 19 | |
| 2869686167 | Sumerians | 1) people who dominated Mesopotamia 2) in the third millennium 3) created first civilization in the region, irrigation technology, cuneiform, organized area into city-states | 20 | |
| 2869708333 | city-state | 1) a small independent state 2) consisting of an urban center, and the surrounding agricultural territory 3) Urban center provided military protection to the area and the agricultural territory delivered food supplies | 21 | |
| 2869722999 | Hammurabi | 1) ruler of Babylon in the 18th century BCE 2) best known for a code of laws inscribed on a black stone pillar | 22 | |
| 2869730332 | scribe | 1) a professional position 2) reserved for men 3) who had undergone lengthy training required to be able to read and write | 23 | |
| 2869736198 | ziggurat | 1) massive pyramidal stepped tower 2) made of mudbricks in religious complexes of 3) Mesopotamia | 24 | |
| 2869752468 | cuneiform | 1) a system of writing on clay tablets 2) originated in Mesopotamia ca. 3000 BCE 3) Because so many symbols had to be learned, only administrators and scribes used it | 25 | |
| 2869786815 | Harrapa | 1) cite of one of the great cities of the IRV civilization 2) in the third millennium BCE | 26 | |
| 2869791681 | Mohenjo-Daro | 1) largest of the cities of the IRV civilization | 27 |
