Terms : Hide Images
| 246126368 | Abbasid dynasty | Built capital at Baghdad.The Abbasid dynasty emerged after the Umayyad dynasty; it was founded by al-Abbas. It did not emphasize the Arab military aristocracy; rather, it allowed all of the people (whether Egyptian, etc.) to gain power in society. It didn't focus on military conquest but more on the administration of the expansive and multi-cultural empire. Develope learned officials like priests called ulama and qadis. Disputes over succession and peasant rebellions challenged authority and weakened the empire. Eventually, the government was turned into a puppet government with the invasion of the Saljuq Turks, then fell when invaded by the Mongols. | 0 | |
| 246126369 | Abu Bakr | First caliph after Muhammad who conquered expansive amounts of land to create an Islamic empire. Major spreader of Islam. | 1 | |
| 246126370 | Allah | The one and only Muslim god. | 2 | |
| 246126371 | caliph | Literally, "deputy." Substitutes for Muhammad after his death to lead politically and religiously. Symbolically, Allah on earth. | 3 | |
| 246126372 | dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule. | 4 | |
| 246126373 | Five Pillars of Islam | 1) Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet. 20 Pray every day facing Mecca. 3) Observe Ramadan. 4) Give alms to the weak and poor. 5) Undertake hajj and go on at least one pilgrimage to Mecca. | 5 | |
| 246126374 | hadith | Second most important only to the Quran. They were sayings attributed to Muhammad and accounts of his deeds. | 6 | |
| 246126375 | hajj | The holy pilgrimage to Mecca; the ultimate act of worship. | 7 | |
| 246126376 | hijra | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam. | 8 | |
| 246126377 | Islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god, Allah. Literally, "submission." | 9 | |
| 246126378 | jihad | Literally, "struggle." This was used to described the struggle, the obligation of Muslims to struggle or exert themselves "in the way of God ; doesn't necessarily refer to an armed struggle | 10 | |
| 246126379 | jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion. Umayyad dynasty rule. | 11 | |
| 246126380 | Ka'ba | Cube shaped religious offering place; Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam. | 12 | |
| 246126381 | madrasas | a school or college attached to a mosque where young men study theology; Islamic. | 13 | |
| 246126382 | Mecca | Birthplace of Muhammad, City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. | 14 | |
| 246126383 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 15 | |
| 246126384 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam, 570-632 | 16 | |
| 246126385 | Muslim | a believer or follower of Islam, "one who has submitted." | 17 | |
| 246126386 | qadis | Islamic judges who heard cases and made decisions based upon the Quran/Sharia | 18 | |
| 246126387 | Quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 19 | |
| 246126388 | sakk | check; new banking innovation implemented by Abbassid traders | 20 | |
| 246126389 | sharia | body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life | 21 | |
| 246126390 | Shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 22 | |
| 246126391 | Sunni | a follower of the majority branch of Islam, which feels that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community; didn't resist rule of Umayyads. | 23 | |
| 246126392 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 24 | |
| 246126393 | Umayyad dynasty | 661-750. Fell because of internal rebellions against the fact that this dynasty was heavily biased towards the Arab, Islamic, military aristocrats and implemented unfair taxes, jizyas. | 25 | |
| 246126394 | umma | group of Muslim people., The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. | 26 |
