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| 6366247660 | Archduke Franz/Francis Ferdinand | 1914.One of the sparks that led to WWI.Murder of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary.While Ferdinand was on his way to the hospital, Gavrilo Princip,lunged at his car and fired a revolver | 0 | |
| 6366255199 | self-determination | Promoted intensely by President Woodrow Wilson -Believed it was the key to international peace and cooperation. Diplomats violated the notion because they found it impossible to redraw national boundaries in accordance with nationalist aspirations without creating large minorities on one side or the other of a boundary line///The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states/// | 1 | |
| 6366262937 | Pan-slavism | A movement in the mid-19th century aimed at unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires, Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice | 2 | |
| 6366269416 | Triple Alliance | In 1879 the government of Germany and Austria-Hungary formed the Dual Alliance, a defensive pact that ensured reciprocal protection of a Russian attack from any other power///Italy, fearful of France, joined the Dual Alliance in 1882///Also known as the Central Powers///-1879 -defensive pact that ensured reciprocal protection of a Russian attack from another power -involved Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy in 1882 | 3 | |
| 6366275592 | Schlieffen Plan | Based on a strategy developed in 1905 by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen /// Called for a swift knockout of France, followed by defensive action against Russia///The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called the Schlieffen plan | 4 | |
| 6366281034 | total war | A war in which a belligerent engages in the complete mobilization of all available resources and population.///Less differentiation between combatants and non-combatants than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, combatants and non-combatants alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent war effort. | 5 | |
| 6366293787 | Triple Entente | A combination of nations commonly referred to as the Allies///Originated in a series of agreements between Britain and France (1904) and Britain and Russia (1907) that aimed to resolve colonial disputes | 6 | |
| 6366296787 | Kaiser Wilhelm II | Emperor of Germany during World War I///Definition - The emperor of Prussia around the time of WWI Significance - Formed the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, and was forced to abdicate in 1918 | 7 | |
| 6366301441 | Tsar Nicholas II | 1868-1917//Championed oppression and police control//To deflect attention from domestic issues and neutralize revolutionary movements, the tsar's government embarked on expansionist ventures in east Asia//Executed with family in 1917///Definition - Tsar during WWI, Last of the Romanov dynasty Significance - He took control of the Russian army in 1915, and the failures of the Russians during the war reflected directly on him, causing discontent in Russia | 8 | |
| 6366309102 | western front | Opened by the German army by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France.//Trenches ran from the English Channel to Switzerland///A bloody stalemate///D: The front during WWI in Western Europe, which was defined by trench war fare. S: The trench war fare caused many casualties, as well as a stalemate. Also, because of technology developed on this front, there were many casualties. | 9 | |
| 6366326632 | trench warfare | A form of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. | 10 | |
| 6366331262 | stalemate | A situation in which no one can win//Refers to trench warfare/// the United States join the war, which broke the stalemate and helped end the war. | 11 | |
| 6366335189 | No-man's-land | Barbed wire proved highly effective in frustrating the advantage of soldiers ///Strewn with shell craters, cadavers, and body parts ///In every sector of the western front, those who fought rarely found glory- they encountered death | 12 | |
| 6366340740 | Verdun | 1918///Fought on the western front between the French and German soldiers///Over 500,000 died in this battle alone | 13 | |
| 6366346582 | home front | The term expressed the reality that the outcome of the war hinged on how effectively each nation mobilized its economy and activated it noncombatant citizens to support the war effort | 14 | |
| 6366349250 | mustard gas | A liquid agent that, when exposed to air, turned into a noxious yellow gas, hence its name//The effects did not appear from some 12 hours after exposure, but then it rotted the body within and without- after blistering the skin and damaging the eyes, the gas attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane//Death occurred in 4-5 weeks | 15 | |
| 6366354900 | V.I. Lenin | 1870-1924//Revolutionary Marxist//Viewed the industrial working class as incapable of developing the proper revolutionary conscious that would lead to effective political action///Headed the Bolsheviks | 16 | |
| 6366362323 | Bolsheviks | Russian communist party led by Vladimir Lenin/The radical wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party///The Bolsheviks were a radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement. The name Bolshevik literally means majority party but they were a minority until they won in the Russian Revolution of 1917. They were led by Lenin who made them powerful. They are significant because they are the ones that turned Russia into the Soviet Union and made them powerful and caused the Cold War. | 17 | |
| 6366434533 | Petrograd | Modern-day St. Petersburg//- site of the March Revolution and Women's Day parade for Bread and Peace in 1917. -home to the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet.///- on March 8, 1917 10,000 women marched through the streets of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) demanding "peace and bread" and "down with autocracy". They were joined by other workers and together called for a general strike shutting down all factories in the city on March 10. The Duma capitalized on this situation by meeting two days after the strike and establishing a Provisional Government that urged the tsar to abdicate. He did so on March 15. | 18 | |
| 6366444520 | soviets | An elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union | 19 | |
| 6366448578 | "Peace, land, bread" | Most famous slogan capitalized by the Bolsheviks///"All power to the Soviets"///- Bolshevik message during Kerensky's government. Lenin promised of an end to the war, the redistribution of land to the peasants, the transfer of factories and industries from capitalists to committees of workers, and the relegation of government power from the Provisional Government to the soviets. | 20 | |
| 6366456412 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Signed by Bolshevik rulers with Germany on 3 March 1918///Gave the Germans possession or control of much of Russia's territory (Baltic States, the Caucasus, Finland, Poland, and the Ukraine) and one-quarter of its population///The terms of the treaty were harsh and humiliating, but taking Russia out of the war gave the new government an opportunity to deal with internal problems///- 1918, treaty between the new Communist government and Germany in which Russia exited the war and in return gave up eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland, and the Baltic provinces. Lenin argued that this didn't matter because the socialist revolution was going to spread throughout Europe and make the treaty irrelevant. | 21 | |
| 6366467092 | Lusitania | A British luxury liner sunk by a German submarine in the North Atlantic on May 7, 1915: one of the events leading to U.S. entry into World War I.//-1915 -Germany justified the attack by stating that the Lusitania was an enemy ship | 22 | |
| 6366472687 | Easter Rebellion | An armed insurrection staged in Ireland during Easter Week, 1916.///The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland, seceding from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and establishing an independent Irish Republic at a time when the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I. | 23 | |
| 6366483334 | Weimar Republic | is the name given to the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government.//People use the term "Weimar Republic" to refer to a period in German history between 1919 and 1933 when the government was a democratic republic governed by a constitution that was laid out in the German city of Weimar after Germany's loss in WW1. It was too dangerous to make a declaration in Berlin where there had just been a revolt by a Communist group called the Spartacists. | 24 | |
| 6366498381 | Influenza pandemic | One of the worst pandemics ever recorded in history//No one knows its origins or why it disappeared in mid-1919, but by the time this virus vanished, it had left than 20 million dead//Killed more people than the Great War | 25 | |
| 6366503700 | Fourteen points | Woodrow Wilson's postwar vision had subsequently promoted the defeated Central Powers to announce their acceptance of his proposal as the basis for the armistice///Key among his points were covenants (agreements) for peace, open;y arrived at; absolute freedom of navigation on the seas in peace and war; the removal of economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all nations; adequate guarantees for a reduction in national armaments; adjustments of colonial disputes to give equal to the interests of the colonial disputes to give equal weight to the interests of the controlling government and the colonial population; and a call for "a general associations of nations" | 26 | |
| 6366523651 | Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 -28th President; helped frame the Treaty of Versailles ending WWI and proposed Fourteen Points that included the formation of the League of Nations//1) The President of the United States that helped to end WWI. He wrote his famous fourteen points. 2) He made the decision to have the United States join the war, which broke the stalemate and helped end the war. He put forth his fourteen points in the Treaty of Versailles, and because of these, the League of Nations was founded. | 27 | |
| 6366528015 | Big Four | The top Allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919 following the end of World War I ///Composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France | 28 | |
| 6366537026 | Mustafa Kemal/Kemal Ataturk | Known as "Father of the Turks"//Instituted an ambitious program of modernization that emphasized economic development and secularism///The policy resulted in the replacement religious with secular institutions of education and justice, the emancipation of women, including their right to vote, the adoption of European-derived law, Hindu-Arabic numerals, the Roman alphabet, and Western clothing | 29 | |
| 6366549696 | League of Nations | Made an integral part of the peace treaties, and every signatory to a peace treaty had to accept this new world organization///The US never joined the organization because the US Senate rejected the idea | 30 | |
| 6366553823 | mandate system | The League of nations divided mandates into 3 classes based on the presumed development of their populations in the direction of fitness for self-government//Article 22 of the Treaty of Versailles established a system of Mandates to administer former colonies and territories//Mandates were Middle Eastern governments that were entrusted to major European powers through the League of Nations. The European nations that held power over these Middle Eastern countries made decisions for them, almost limiting the newly developed countries the status of colonies. Some decisions regarding the mandates, such as the British promise of Palestine to both the Arabs and the Jewish Zionists, proved to be problematic in the future. | 31 | |
| 6366580273 | U.S.S.R. | composed of 15 pieces (Republics of the USSR) Soviet of Nationalities created. Russia has most influence. | 32 | |
| 6366591315 | Treaty of Versailles | 1) This was a treaty between the Triple Entente (mainly France and Britain) and Germany, declaring what Germany must do to make up for its role in the war. 2) It is significant because Germany lost land, was forced to demilitarize, gave France control over German coal mines, and put the war guilt on Germany. This treaty essentially destroyed current Germany and had bad repercussions in the years to come. It essentially lead directly to WWII | 33 |
