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| 370391323 | enclosure | Process by which public lands were enclosed by fences and made private farming private again. | 0 | |
| 370391324 | urbanization | Natural outgrowth of the increased efficiencies in farming and agriculture. Cities grew bigger and developed areas were resources were available for manufacturing. | 1 | |
| 370436156 | domestic system | Inefficient labor-intensive arrangement. Middlemen would leave the resources at a home or small shop and come back to pick up the manufactured product to sell. | 2 | |
| 370436157 | flying shuttle | Invented in 1733 by John Kay, sped up weaving process. | 3 | |
| 370436158 | spinning jenny | Invented in 1764 by John Hargreaves, capable of spinning vast amounts of thread. | 4 | |
| 370436159 | Eli Whitney | Inventor of the cotton gin in 1793. | 5 | |
| 370436160 | cotton gin | Invented in 1793, allowed massive amounts of cotton to be processed in the Americas and exported to Europe. Virtually took the textile industry from the homes to the mills. | 6 | |
| 370436161 | steam engine | Inefficiently developed first by Thomas Newcomer and dramatically improved by James Watt in 1769. Generator of power and transportation. | 7 | |
| 370436162 | James Watt | (1736-1819) A Scottish engineer who created the steam engine that worked faster and more efficiently than earlier engines, this man continued improving the engine, inventing a new type of governor to control steam pressure and attaching a flywheel. | 8 | |
| 370436163 | Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815). | 9 | |
| 370436164 | steamship | Invented by Robert Fulton in 1807. | 10 | |
| 370436165 | George Stephenson | 1814, a Brit who built the first successful steam locomotive. By 1829 his Rocket travelled on the world's first railroad line from Manchester to Liverpool at average speed of 16mph. By the 1840s the era of railroad construction had begun in Europe and the US. | 11 | |
| 370436166 | steam-powered locomotive | Transportation method invented by George Stephenson in the 1820s; impoved the efficiency of land trade; particularly significant in England as there were large amounts of coal to make good use of this invention. | 12 | |
| 370436167 | telegraph | Invented in 1837 by Samuel Morse. Allowed people to communicate across great distances within seconds. | 13 | |
| 370436168 | telephone | Invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. | 14 | |
| 370436169 | light bulb | Invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison. | 15 | |
| 370436170 | internal combustion engine | Car engine, invented in 1885 by Gottlieb Daimler. | 16 | |
| 370436171 | radio | Invented in 1890s by Marconi Gugliermo. | 17 | |
| 370436172 | airplane | Invented in 1903 by Orville and Wilbur Wright, faster than a steamship. | 18 | |
| 370436173 | Charles Darwin | English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory of evolution. | 19 | |
| 370436174 | interchangeable parts | System developed by Eli Whitney, parts of machines are produced individually so that they can be more easily replaced. | 20 | |
| 370436175 | assembly line | System developed by Henry Ford, each worker added only one part to he product. | 21 | |
| 370436176 | Adam Smith | Scottish political economist and philosopher. His Wealth of Nations (1776) laid the foundations of classical free-market economic theory, government should not interfere with economics. Demand should determine the products' prices. | 22 | |
| 370436177 | free market system | Pure capitalism, in which all economic decisions are made without government intervention. | 23 | |
| 370436178 | capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | 24 | |
| 370436179 | laissez-faire capitalism | an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference | 25 | |
| 370436180 | Karl Marx | German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) that warned that the working class would rise to take control if pushed too much. | 26 | |
| 370436181 | socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. | 27 | |
| 370436182 | communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. | 28 | |
| 370436183 | Luddites | Any of a group of British workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment. | 29 | |
| 370436184 | Factory Act of 1883 | laws passed by the British Parliament that limited factory hours, required the maintaining of safe working, and restrict children from working in factories. | 30 | |
| 370436185 | labor unions | Organizations of workers who, together, put pressure on the employers in an industry to improve working conditions and wages. | 31 | |
| 370436186 | Social mobility | The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth, prestige, education and power. | 32 | |
| 370436187 | women's suffrage movement | International movement of the 1880's, that sought to challenge the legal, political, and economic disabilities towards European and American women. This is historically significant because the women eventually gained the right to vote and the right to hold a job. The extension of enlightenment ideas onto women. | 33 | |
| 370436188 | social Darwinists | Theorists who applied Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society, arguing that poorer and weaker segments of society desrved their fate. | 34 | |
| 370436189 | Rudyard Kipling | (1864-1936) English writer and poet; defined the "white man's burden" as the duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order and enlightenment to distant lands. | 35 | |
| 370436190 | White Man's Burden | A poem by British poet Rudyard Kipling commenting on American imperialism. It created a phrase used by imperialists to justify the imperialistic actions the U.S. took. | 36 |
