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| 5963092960 | Muhammad | • Muhammad = last prophet o Angel Gabriel= gives Muhammad a set of instructions/ commands (ends up in the Quran) o Caravan trader o Recite word of god o Monotheism wasn't so crazy since Arabian peninsula was mix of many religions, some ply, some mono o 622 Mohammad gets thrown out of Mecca, and goes to Medina o630 Converts Medina to Islam and returns to Mecca where he instills monotheism oHe gets rid of all idols, except the kaaba in Mecca oKabba is a cube shaped temple oDies 632 • After death → established new centers for Islam • 750→ 100 YEARS LATER: his followers had taken North Africa, part of india, to spain and were planning on going into europe. o Radical reforming religion o God sent mohammad has final profit to bring people back to true religion | 0 | |
| 5963892424 | Themes and Five Pillars | o Themes: o Strict monotheism o Take care of less fortunate o Five pillars • Shahada: proffesion of faith, • Salat: ritual prayer five times a day • Sawm: Ramadan • Zakat: almsgiving • Hajj: pilgrimage t o mecca • Hadith: collections of sayings about prophet | 1 | |
| 5963894791 | Sharia | body of law | 2 | |
| 5963896693 | The first four caliphs are _________ They were _________, ____, ______, _____ They _______and ______. The first to fall of the Persians and Byzantines was ______ | The first four caliphs are rightly guided They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali They conquested and expanded The Sassanid Persians. success convinced many to convert | 3 | |
| 5963118533 | The Formation of the Arab State | o Islam was bound by faith and divided by culture o After Muhammad died, Arab armies engaged Byzantine, Persian Sassanid armies o Tribal raids, state w/ central command o Byzantine and Persia also suffering from plague, and weak from war with eachother o Muslim forces also conquered North Africa, Spain, France, Indus River, Chinese o Converted Central Asia Turkic People | 4 | |
| 5963226880 | Motives for Expansion | o Merchant leaders expand trade and agriculture o Individual arabs have a route to wealth and social o After Muhammad died, threatened unity of umma o External expansion was common task, and viewed as jihad | 5 | |
| 5963258947 | Byzantine and Islam | o Byzantine lost all of their land due to islamic expansion. o Lost economic and profitable land o The government in the Byzantine emperor persecute people who don't follow their religious beliefs. o Byzantine was reduced to Turkey and Greece and that region of modern day Europe (after islamic expansion) o Contrast Muslim: Didn't particularly care what you worshipped o Justinian was not successful with conquering back the kingdom | 6 | |
| 5963250882 | Islam's Tolerance | Believers Movement: o tolerant Jews and Christians, and Zoroastrianism o dhimmis= people of the book o formal treaties protected o freely practice religion, but pay jizya (tax) o theoretically tax was substitute for military services, dhimmis stil served high offices o limit disruptive impact of conquest o segregated armies in garrison towns | 7 | |
| 5963296384 | Conversion | o social conversion was large motivation o elements were already familiar o islam associated with powerful state o no tax o aspiring to office o merchants had free trade o Persians converted, by kept culture (For example, The Book Of Kings Shaknama written at this time o Then islam became influenced by Persia in administration, arts | 8 | |
| 5963373469 | Anatolia | Islam's Effect on Culture: Freer, more gender- equal life for women Christians forced to wear special clothing Not allowed to ride horses or carry swords Had to pay taxes People converted to Islam to not be discriminated against How Islam Adapted to Local Society and Conditions Islam and Christianity are similar ---> Makes it easy to convert Islam is influenced by the Turk's culture | 9 | |
| 5963375396 | India | India Islam Effect on Culture Caused Turkish-Muslim regime Buddhism and Huduism temples burned down Brought Islamic faith to northern india 19th century, the British took over Established sultanate of Muslim Huduism (polytheistic) and Islam (monotheistic) were very different, hard to adapt Ex: Hinduism: ok to depict deities Islam: not ok Created: Sikhism Blended Islam Islam: devotion to one god Hinduism: karma and birth Sufi: holy men Islam: appealing to low class, don't have to pay taxes | 10 | |
| 5963383685 | Africa | faith accepted in urban areas important link to muslim trading partners literate officials religious appeal for advancing societies monarchs had mosques built experienced mass migration of Arab people rulers practiced it, but governed those who followed old traditions no imposing apalled they allowed women out unclothed islam also became africanized | 11 | |
| 5963428244 | Spain | o Chief site of Islamic encounters with Chrstians o Had been conquered by Arab forces o Tolerant of each other o Spain agriculture=most prosperous o Shared astronomy medicine, arts, and architecture o Most of population converted to Islam, and other Christians adopted the culture o Abd al-Kahman III freedom of worship declared and all could rise in beuracracy o Tolerance ended o Became rival states o Al-Mansur created policy of persecution o Separated Christians from Muslims o Catholics reconquered Spain and forced muslims to migrate o Those who stayed were forbidden to practice religion, and then were banished o Rich heritage of Islamic learning was available to Christian | 12 | |
| 5963571222 | The World Of Islam and New Civilization | o After Abbasid, Islam operated without dominant political center, bound by religion o Mongols-threatened them during conquest of Central Asia and Persia o Chrstian Crusaders-Islam still flourished o Ulama were scholars of beliefs, and were international elite o Madrassas were formal colleges o Exchanged goods, technology, foods, ideas o Arab and Persia established commercial colony in souther China o Islamic Green Revolution o Technology o Paper→ books | 13 | |
| 5963577503 | al-Mamun | established House of Wisdom for islamic thinkers | 14 | |
| 5963601485 | abu al-Rahman | Aba al-Rahman 3 o Caliph of Cordoba, 10th century o Practiced religious tolerance during his rule o Claimed title for himself | 15 |
