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| 18006739 | Anatolia | Another way to say Asia Minor, the geographical region in which Turkey is located, it has the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and also the Aegean Sea to the west. | 0 | |
| 18006740 | Ottoman Empire | The Turkic empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending throughout the Middle East. The Ottoman empire is responsible for conquest of Constantinople and the end of the Byzantine empire in 1453. They succeeded the Seljuk Turks following retreat of Mongols. | 1 | |
| 18006741 | Siege of Constantinople | The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople in 1453. Through expansion into the Balkans and the Mediterranean the Ottoman empire gained political stability. From a European perspective this event ended the Middle Ages and gave way for the Renaissance. | 2 | |
| 18006742 | Siege of Vienna | Under the rule of Sultan Suleyman the Ottoman empire first tried to conquer Vienna, Austria in 1529, which was the extend of the Ottoman empire into central Europe. In 1683, the Battle of Vienna removed the Ottomans from central Europe. | 3 | |
| 18006743 | Janissaries | The Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies. Then forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of the Balkans, they were legally slaves. They translated military service into political influence, particularly after the fifteenth century. | 4 | |
| 18006744 | People of the Book | A Muslim term used to describe the other Abrahamic faiths of Judaism and Christianity. Later on added Zoroastrians and Hinduism. | 5 | |
| 18006745 | Sultan | An Islamic title that is used to describe a powerful Muslim ruler, usually a governor who had almost complete reign but was still under the control of the Islamic caliphate. | 6 | |
| 18006746 | Vizier | Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir, the chief administrative official. They were the head of the Ottoman bureaucracy. After the fifteenth century they were often more powerful than the sultan. | 7 | |
| 18006747 | Mehmed II | the Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror". He was responsible for the conquest of Constantinople of in 1453. Under his rule they destroyed what remained of the Byzantine Empire. | 8 | |
| 18006748 | Suleyman | A Ottoman sultan that had reign from 1520 through 1566. He is responsible for the reconstruction of the Ottoman government. He ruled during the zenith of the Ottoman's influence over Europe. | 9 | |
| 18006749 | Sick Man of Europe | The phrase is used to describe economic poverty in a European country. This term was coined when the Ottoman empire was in decline and increasingly began to lose territory to the Europeans through defeats in battle. | 10 | |
| 18006750 | Safavid Empire | Originally a Turkic nomadic group. This family originated in a Sufi mystic group. They espoused Shi'ism. This dynasty conquered territory and established a kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran. The empire lasted until 1722. | 11 | |
| 18006751 | Shi'ite | Shi'ism is a political and theological division within Islam. They are followers of Ali. They believe that the caliphate should be a direct descendent of Muhammad. Majority of the Safavid empire were follower of Shi'ism. | 12 | |
| 18006752 | Gunpowder Empires | The Ottoman Empire, The Safavid Empire, and The Mughal Empire, all of which used gunpowder technology that was brought to the Arabian peninsula and India through cultural diffusion under the rule of the Mongol to conquer and expand their empire. | 13 | |
| 18006753 | Abbas the Great | The Safavid ruler from 1587 until 1629. He extended the Safavid domain to it's greatest extent. He created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies. He incorporated Western military technology. | 14 | |
| 18006754 | Mughal Empire | Empire established by Babur in India in 1526. The name was taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty. The dynasty became weak after the rule of Aurangzeb in the first decades of the 18th century. | 15 | |
| 18006755 | Babur | The founder of the Mughal dynasty in India. He is descended from Turkic warriors. He first led invasion of India in the year 1526. He died in 1530. | 16 | |
| 18006756 | Akbar | The son and successor if Humayan. He oversaw the building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India. He pursued a policy of cooperation with Hindu princes. He attempted to create a new religion to bind Muslims and Hindu populations of India. | 17 | |
| 18006757 | Sati | A ritual on India of immolating surviving widows of an elite social ranks with the bodies of their deceased husbands. It is arguable that these widows were forced into the practice, during the Mughal empire sati would be temporarily banned. | 18 | |
| 18006758 | Taj Mahal | The most famous architectural achievement of the Mughal dynasty in India. This originally was built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal. A key feature of Mughal architecture on this is the large dome. | 19 | |
| 18006759 | Aurangzeb | The son a successor of Shah Jahan in the Mughal dynasty of India. He was determined to extend Mughal control over the whole Indian subcontinent. He wished to purify Islam on its Hindu influences. He was incessant that warfare exhausted the empire despite military successes. He died in 1707. | 20 |
