1) Functions and structure, of the nervous system.
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| 1) Gather Information 2) To monitor changes occuring inside and outside the body 3) Changes or stimuli | ||
| To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed. | ||
| 1) a response to integrated stimuli 2) The response activities muscles or glands | ||
| Brain and the spinal cord | ||
| Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. (spinal nerves and cranial nerves) | ||
| Nerves that carry impulses to the central nervous system to the viscera or glands. | ||
| Nerves that carry impulses away from the central nervous system | ||
| 1) Somatic voluntary nervous system 2) autonomic involuntary nervous system | ||
| are made from connective tissue | ||
| Are to support, insulate, and protect neurons. | ||
| 1) Control the chemical of the brain 2) Form blood brain barrier (BBB) between capilaries and neurons. 3) Abundant star shaped cells and brace neurons. | ||
| Spiderlike phagocytes and disposed of debris. | ||
| line cavities od the brain, spinal cord and it also circulate cerebrospinal fluid. | ||
| Produce myelin sheath and are wraped aroundnerve fibers in the central nervous system | ||
| Protect neuron cell bodies | ||
| forms myelin sheath in PNS in jelly roll-like fashion | ||
| Whitish, fatty mateial covering axons. They are also synthesize by CNS | ||
| Nerves in the kidneys | ||
| Nissl Substance, Neurofibrils, Nucleus, large nucleolus | ||
| Specialized rough endoplasmic ER | ||
| Intermediated cytoskeleton, Maintain cell shape. | ||
| 1) Dendrites conduct impulses toward the cell body 2) Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body 3) Axons end in axonal terminants 4) Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap | ||
| gap between adjacent neurons | ||
| Junction between nerves( comunication point of two neurons) | ||
| gaps in myelin sheath along the axon | ||
| Cell bodies and un myelinated fibers. | ||
| Clusters of the cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous. | ||
| Collections of cells bodies outside the central nervous system | ||
| 1) Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS 2) Cutaneous sense organs 3) Propriceptors (sense of postition) - detect stretch or tension | ||
| Found in neural pathways inthe central nervous system an it connect sensory motor neurons. | ||
| many extension from the cell body | ||
| One axon and on dentrite | ||
| have a short single process leaving the cell body | ||
| irritability, and conductivity | ||
| Ability to respond to a stimuli | ||
| Ability to transmit an impulse | ||
| Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell | ||
| membrane allows sodium (Na+) to flow inside the member because of a stimulus | ||
| Potassium ion (K) goes out the neurons cell ATP energy pumped sodium ion (Na+) out of the cell | ||
| 1) If the actrion potential starts, it is propagated over the entire axon. 2) impulses travel faster when fibers have a myelin sheath | ||
| 1) Impulses are able to cross the sypnase to aothe nerve. 2) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve's axon terminal 3) The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by neurotransmitter 4) an action potential is started in the dendrite | ||
| Rapid, predictable and involuntary response to a stimulus. | ||
| the connection of the afferent neurons to the interneurons to the efferent neurons, resulting in a reflex action | ||
| reflex which controls skeletal muscle contractions | ||
| smooth muscle regulation, heart and blood pressure regulation, regulation of glands, digestive system regulation | ||
| Cerebral hemispheres(cerebrum), Clencephalon, Brain Stem, Cerebellum | ||
| Gray matter, white matter, corpus collosum, basal Nuclei | ||
| the outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed of mostly neuron cell bodies | ||
| fiber tracts deep to the gray matter | ||
| connects hemisphers | ||
| island of gray matter within the white matter | ||
| Sits on top of the brain stem, it enclosed by the cerebral hemisphere and made of three parts. Thalmus, hypothalmus, epithalmus. | ||
| surround the third ventrical, relay station for sensory impulsesm transfer impulses to the correct cortex for localizin, and interpreting. | ||
| locate under thalmus. an autonomis nervous system. responsible for regulating body temp and metabolism, control water balance. | ||
| forms root of the third ventricle. house the pineal gland, include chorochoid plexus that forms cerebrospinal fluid. | ||
| attaches to the spinal cord. different parts of brain stem are midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, reticular formation. | ||
| reflex center for hearing | ||
| bulging part of the brain stem, composed of fiber tracts, and control breathing. | ||
| lowest part of the brain stem. merges into spinal cord control center for vital signs except temperature. | ||
| diffuse mass of gray matter. involved in visceral organ control plays role in awake/sleep cycle and consciousness | ||
| provide involuntay coordination of body movements. two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces. | ||
| Scalp, skin, skull, vertebral column, dura mater, arachnoid layer, spinalcerebral fluid, and pia mater. |
