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| 5284758287 | 600CE-1450CE | the timeframe for the post-classical period | 0 | |
| 5284807332 | Japanese Feudalism |  | 1 | |
| 5284807333 | European Feudalism |  | 2 | |
| 5284809896 | Feudalism | Basic concept refers to the political and social order of medieval Europe; based on a hierarchy of lords and vassals who controlled political and military affairs | 3 | |
| 5285071496 | Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements. |  | 4 |
| 5285076724 | Tang Dynasty | This dynasty made good use of the Han's development of bureaucracy by recruiting government officials who were well educated, loyal, and efficient. Although powerful families used their resources to place relatives in government positions, most bureaucrats won their posts because of intellectual ability. | 5 | |
| 5285078441 | bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected) | 6 | |
| 5285119874 | Caliphate | Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. | 7 | |
| 5285127291 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 8 | |
| 5285133379 | Islam | this religion was a unifying force in culture aspects of Eurasia and Africa - similar religion (Islam), similar language (Arabic), similar art (forbids art of humans. | 9 | |
| 5285176143 | Arabesque design | geometric designs; no human figures in art |  | 10 |
| 5285181729 | Trans-Sahara trade |  | 11 | |
| 5285181730 | Indian Ocean trade |  | 12 | |
| 5285186234 | Silk routes |  | 13 | |
| 5285191267 | Mongol Empire | An empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe. |  | 14 |
| 5285213241 | Mayan Empire | The major civilization in Southern Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula from 150 B.C.E. to 900 C. E.; kings were not divine, created calendars, used terraced farming, human sacrifices, and was the only Mesoamerican civilization to have a written language | 15 | |
| 5285222617 | Muhammad | considered by Muslims to be the last messenger and prophet sent by God to guide humanity to the right way | 16 | |
| 5285222618 | Justinian | Eastern Roman emperor between 527 and 565 CE; tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman Law; extended later Roman architecture | 17 | |
| 5285222619 | Genghis Khan | (1167?-1227) One of the Mongol's greatest leaders and founder of the Mongol Empire. | 18 | |
| 5285227802 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Genghis Khan. He conquered China, founding and becoming the first emperor of the country's Yuan Dynasty | 19 | |
| 5285229862 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. |  | 20 |
| 5285229863 | Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. |  | 21 |
| 5285229864 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered dost of the crusader outposts for Islam |  | 22 |
| 5285232048 | Mansa Musa | greatest Mali king; brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; expanded borders, maintained peace and order, religious freedom and tolerance; hajj to Mecca; built Timbuktu |  | 23 |
| 5285232049 | Zheng He | a Chinese admiral that was sent on expeditions to form relationships between China and other countries (Ming Dynasty) |  | 24 |
| 5285237240 | Sui Dynasty | As one of the ephemeral dynasties in Chinese history, this existed for only 38 years, was established by Yang Jian in 581. Built a strong central government with work done by peasants. Public works projects included palaces, granaries, and repair of defensive walls; Most elaborate project was the Grand Canal. |  | 25 |
| 5285237241 | Tang Dynasty | (618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system. | 26 | |
| 5285237242 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 CE); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings. | 27 | |
| 5285238823 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 28 | |
| 5285238824 | Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats. | 29 | |
| 5285243579 | Ghana Empire | (800CE-1050CE) Complex societies based on trans-Saharan trade with salt and gold had existed in the region since ancient times located on Niger and Senegal River; "Land of Gold" |  | 30 |
| 5285243580 | Mali Empire | (1235CE-1450CE) established by Sundial, their greatest emperor was Mansa Musa, expanded borders to Atlantic ocean and converted to Islam (located in northwestern Africa) |  | 31 |
| 5285245823 | Delhi Sultanate | Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders. (1210 - 1256) | 32 | |
| 5285245824 | Kievan Russia | A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine Empire. Conquered by the Mongols in the thirteenth century. |  | 33 |
| 5285248491 | Golden Horde | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries | 34 | |
| 5285330427 | Ottoman Empire | - Western Turkey, 1299-1923 - Conquered Byzantine Empire - Capital: Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) - Covered most of old Roman and Byzantine territories - Became very wealthy because ease of trade |  | 35 |
| 5285332752 | Mughal Empire | - Ruled over India, 1526-1857 - Islam was the official religion - Known for building Taj Mahal |  | 36 |
| 5285337856 | Safavid Empire | - Ruled over Iran, 501-1736 - Trade/Commerce experienced success through European participation in Iranian territories - Used missionaries to spread Shia Islam |  | 37 |
| 5285408976 | Qu'ran | Revelations believed to be sacred words of Allah | 38 | |
| 5285424002 | Umayyad Dynasty | ruled the dar al-islam as conquerors and their policies reflected the interests of the Arab military aristocracy. short dynasty |  | 39 |
| 5285430449 | Abbasid Empire | Empire that: - Claimed descent from Muhammad's uncle; more acceptable to Shi'ites - Changed policies opening religion to all on equal basis - Helped est. Islam as a universalizing religion - Cosmopolitan mix of cultures emerged Golden Age of Islam Problems with governing vast area |  | 40 |
| 5285508029 | Bantu Migration | group of 300 common but distinct languages called Bantu ("people") 500 BCE to 1000 CE - massive transfer of Bantu languages and lifestyles southward from their home in modern Nigeria, creating Pan-African traditions and practices | 41 | |
| 5285529052 | dhows | ships used in the indian ocean trade routes | 42 | |
| 5285538205 | Mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 43 | |
| 5285546528 | Terracing | A soil conservation technique that prevents erosion on STEEP hills by heavy rains. |  | 44 |
| 5285551393 | Chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. |  | 45 |
| 5285567078 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul. | 46 | |
| 5285569926 | Chinese Junk | A very large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel. | 47 | |
| 5285572075 | Bantu | A major African language family. Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. Famous for migrations throughout central and southern Africa. | 48 | |
| 5285576255 | Dhow | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design. | 49 | |
| 5285593748 | Sui Dynasty | (589-618 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was like the Qin Dynasty in imposing tight political discipline; this dynasty built the Grand Canal which helped transport the rice in the south to the north. | 50 | |
| 5285606897 | Vikings | Danes, Norse, ruled by kings and nobles, fairly democratic, hunters, gatherers, fishers, esp. farmers, raided Europe and the British Isles as the weather permitted, used slaves, assemblies of landowners made the laws, during the 800s famine, dominated the North Atlantic through the thirteenth century. | 51 | |
| 5285611188 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 52 | |
| 5285615014 | Incan Empire | A Mesoamerican civilization in the Andes Mountains in South America that by the end of the 1400s was the largest empire in the Americas including much of what is now Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile; conquered by Pizarro. | 53 | |
| 5285616767 | Aztec Empire | Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I. Conquered by Cortes. |  | 54 |
| 5285625046 | Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. | 55 | |
| 5285629466 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. |  | 56 |
| 5285635839 | Aristocracy | Highest class in certain societies or a form of government in which power is held by the nobility | 57 | |
| 5285638385 | Angkor Wat | Largest religious monument in the world. It was originally a Hindu temple for god and then it became a Buddhist temple | 58 | |
| 5285650285 | Great Zimbabwe | located in the modern African country of Zimbabwe, whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. |  | 59 |
| 5285653991 | Hundred Years War (1337-1453) | series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the Kingdom of France | 60 | |
| 5291684462 | Decline of Abbasid Caliphate | - Hostility increased b/t Sunni/Shi'ites - Difficult to hold diverse empire together from one central location - Slave revolts and peasant uprisings Incompetent caliphs --- Abbasids hired Seljuk Turks as soldiers; gained power - Seljuk leader Tughril took over Baghdad; caliph is figurehead - Mongols seized throne in 1258 | 61 | |
| 5291699704 | Early Middle Ages | - Collapse of political, social, and military order left Europe in chaos - Continuing invasions and conflicts - The Church provided cultural unity and enabled the area to regain some control | 62 | |
| 5291704268 | tribal chieftains | In the Early Middle Ages, Roman governors were replaced with __________ __________. | 63 | |
| 5291712267 | manorialism | Political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were tied to their land and their lord through serfdom; defined both economic and political obligations between lords and peasant laborers | 64 | |
| 5291717352 | Divided | After Charlemagne's death, the empire was ___________ | 65 | |
| 5291729824 | Monasteries | the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe; played important role in providing stability during Dark Ages | 66 | |
| 5291736659 | Constantine | Who moved the capital to Constantinople which made a split in political authority which further led to a split in religious authority? | 67 | |
| 5291751622 | Benedictine Rule | Church supported monasteries in rural areas | 68 | |
| 5291766636 | Feudalism | What discouraged the growth of strong central government and political power of the Church countered power of the kings? | 69 | |
| 5291775612 | Magna Carta | Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy. | 70 | |
| 5291777702 | William of Normandy (the Conqueror) | landed on the coast of England and defeated king Harold at the battle of hastings. took a census known as Domesday book, became king of England. | 71 | |
| 5291784388 | Ghettos | European Christians discriminated against Jews who lived in segregated communities, which are also know as: |  | 72 |
| 5291790671 | Carolingian Renaissance | pertaining to the empire of Charlemagne • Revival of Book Making • Adoption of Roman Architectural Forms • Creation of Imperial Imagery | 73 | |
| 5291792690 | scholasticism | A method of doing theology and philosophy which aims at a better understanding of revealed truths; attempt to rationalize theology in order to support faith by reason | 74 | |
| 5291801702 | 1453, Istanbul | The Byzantine Empire survived until ________; fell to Ottoman Turks and renamed __________. | 75 | |
| 5291807602 | Hagia Sophia | one of the most important examples of Christian architecture in the world; a church built by Justinian with a magnificent domed structure that later became a mosque |  | 76 |
| 5291814595 | Corpus Juris Civilis | The Byzantines had the most important contribution codification of Roman Law; basis for civil law codes that developed throughout much of western Europe | 77 | |
| 5291825579 | Theodora | Empress _____________ had great influence over Justinian | 78 | |
| 5291832868 | Sui | Which Dynasty established by northern Chinese noble family and reunited China? | 79 | |
| 5291844798 | Grand Canal | built by Sui linked the Yellow and Yangzi as key component to the internal trade |  | 80 |
| 5291872764 | Eastern Orthodox Church | derived from the church of the Byzantine Empire | 81 | |
| 5291874330 | Fiefs | an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service |  | 82 |
| 5291880332 | Civil Service Exams System | testing designed to select the most studious and learned candidates for appointment as bureaucrats in the Chinese government. | 83 | |
| 5291894927 | Neo-Confucianism | Appeal of Buddhism and Emphasis on the importance of social life and rejection of withdrawal through meditation led to what? | 84 | |
| 5291902199 | True | During Tang and early Song women had more rights. True or False? | 85 | |
| 5291910121 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. |  | 86 |
| 5291913454 | Empress Wu Zhao | only woman to rule in her own name in Chinese history (Song Dynasty) | 87 | |
| 5291926499 | Fujiwara Rule | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. |  | 88 |
| 5291936990 | Fall of Mongols | Distance between the capital and borders made it impossible to maintain unity for long (similar to large empires before) | 89 | |
| 5291943817 | Indian Ocean trade | After the Mongol Empire broke up, trade along the Silk Road ended and many turned to _______________. | 90 | |
| 5291972956 | Toltecs | - first to unify central Mexico after the people of Teotihuacan - Centralized state based on military power - Were replaced by the Aztecs |  | 91 |
| 5292003253 | Appealing | Pax Mongolica and Dar al-Islam (House of Islam) made travel more _______________. | 92 | |
| 5292036186 | Angkor Wat | Largest religious monument in the world. It was originally a Hindu temple for god and then it became a Buddhist temple | 93 | |
| 5292049295 | Dar-al-Islam | areas of which Islam spread to; lands under Islamic influences | 94 | |
| 5292088936 | Sunni | major sect of islam "the traditionalists" | 95 | |
| 5292088937 | Shia | minor sect of islam separated from the Sunni due to the belief that ali should be the first caliph after muhammad | 96 | |
| 5292142022 | Berke | (1257-1266) A ruler of the Golden Horde; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East | 97 | |
| 5292150821 | Jurchens | Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south | 98 | |
| 5292244422 | Xuanzang | a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty. | 99 | |
| 5292273483 | Alhambra | the complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra, is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. | 100 | |
| 5292289361 | Pope Gregory VII | the pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Church and the supremacy of the Church over the state (1020-1085). | 101 | |
| 5292349581 | Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life | 102 | |
| 5292354657 | Hong Wu | He established this Ming ("brilliant") dynasty, following the Yuang dynasty, in 1368; his immediate goal was to remove all signs of Mongol rule | 103 | |
| 5292365271 | Holy Roman Empire | a political entity in Europe that began with the papal coronation of Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and laster until 1806 when it was dissolved by Napoleon. |  | 104 |
| 5292662445 | Songhai | (1450-1586CE) Leader (Sonni Ali) used powerful army to build largest state in West Africa; came after the fall of Mali | 105 | |
| 5292674092 | Humanism | focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular the study of ancient languages. | 106 | |
| 5292675676 | Italy | established wealthy merchant classes (Medici, wealthiest family), Florence, focused a lot on education | 107 | |
| 5292682067 | Petrach | father of Humanism; founded library which gave access to books to everyone | 108 | |
| 5292686056 | Erasmus | New Greek edition of New Testament, which led to more people having the capability to read the bible. | 109 | |
| 5292693623 | Dante Alighieri | wrote the poem called Divine Comedy (which had depictions of hell, purgatory, and envisions of heaven) : actions determined fate | 110 | |
| 5292717243 | Niccolo Machiavelli | Florence diplomat (observed royalty in other countries), published The Prince 1513 (somewhat guide for leaders) | 111 | |
| 5292727399 | Act of Supremacy | (1534) Act that made King Henry VIII the supreme leader of the Church of England, so that he could divorce his wife. | 112 | |
| 5292742217 | Elizabethian Settlement | a set of compromises by Queen Elizabeth, who restored unity to England | 113 | |
| 5292750849 | Martin Luther | (1483-1546) German monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 theses to door to Wittenberg church; emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic church; accepted state control of church. | 114 | |
| 5292805613 | Wari | Another civilization near Tiwanaku that flourished about the same time as Tiwanaku. It is theorized that this civilization was originally dependent on Tiwanaku, or that it and Tiwanaku were two parts of the same empire. | 115 | |
| 5292808813 | Moche | The prominent civiliation in modern-day Peru around 600 C.E., before the rise of the Incan Empire; did not have any political unification, and instead depended on trade and agriculture. | 116 | |
| 5292814749 | Tiwanaku | The prominent civilization in the Andes Mountains before the rise of the Incan Empire; like the Moche, depended on trade among different agricultural areas in the empire. | 117 | |
| 5292832724 | Calvinism | sought the participation of all believers in church administration which had political implications of encouraging the ideal of wider access to the government; strong in Switzerland, parts of Germany & France, the Netherlands, England, and Scotland. | 118 | |
| 5292851917 | Great Schism | (1054) Event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western Church (led by Pope Leo IX) | 119 | |
| 5292868559 | Protestant | general wave of religious dissent against Catholic church; generally held to have begun with Martin Luther's attack on Catholic beliefs in 1517; included many varieties of religious belief. | 120 |
