THE PRINCE BY NICOLO MACHIAVELLI
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| Florentine. Historian/ political theorist. Wrote "The Prince" in 1513. It was a handbook for politicians about how goverments most effectively work, not necesscarily how the should morally work. It described how politicians should gain and maintian power. Believed that the goverment should be feared. | ||
| occurring or operating at the same time | ||
| Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492) | ||
| This man was the leader of Florence after the Medici were overthrown in 1494, as well as a Christian preacher and reformer. He was up against tyrants and corrupt clergy, specifically the Duke of Milan and Pope Alexander VI. He was eventually martyred for his ideas. | ||
| an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect | ||
| use to one's advantage | ||
| an office of archives for public or ecclesiastic records | ||
| ... | ||
| king of France who was popular with his subjects (1462-1515) | ||
| This young french ruler appointed Cardinal Armand Richelieu as his cheif minister to beat back the power of the Huguenots and strengthen the absolute power of the monarch. | ||
| was a key figure in Louis XIII's administration, and he shaped many government policies during Louis XIII's reign. | ||
| Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503) | ||
| This was the pope that granted power to Ferdinand and Isabella to appoint bishops to the Spanish territories and also settled the argument between Spain and Portugal over South America | ||
| Italian cardinal and military leader | ||
| younger son of Pope Alexander VI, prototype of Niccolò Machiavelli's Prince —intelligent, cruel, treacherous, and ruthlessly opportunistic | ||
| the duke valentino | ||
| r(1503-1513) Pope - very militaristic. Tore down the old Saint Peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. Sponsored Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. | ||
| advance beyond the usual limit | ||
| (1479-1516) won the first Italian War against Charles VII of France, married Isabella of Castile, led the Reconquista and began the Inquisition with his wife | ||
| He married Isabella of Castile to form a union for Spain (though they were never politically united). He and Isabella worked together to form a strong infantry army in Spain. | ||
| French Emperor to Mexico when France invaded; France's army had to leave Mexico and return to Europe; captured by Mexican forces and executed | ||
| When Fredinand II of Aragon, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian I, Pope Julius II, and Louis XII formed an alliance that they said was against the Turks but actually attacked Venice. Their goal was to divide its land possessions among themselves, including the territories of Mantua and Ferrara. The alliance was unsuccessful, however, because all parties were working for their individual, instead of collective, success. In the end, the city of Venice survived, though its terra firma was divided among its opponents. | ||
| the solid part of the earth's surface | ||
| ... | ||
| An alliance of Catholic nobles, which was proposed by Henry Guise to destroy Calvinism and to replace Henry III with a member of the Guise family | ||
| Catholic group led by Spain against Turkish encroachments in the Mediterranean and resulted in a stunning victory | ||
| (n.) involvement in wrongdoing; the state of being an accomplice | ||
| failing to accomplish an intended aim or purpose; only partially or imperfectly developed | ||
| the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521) | ||
| A Medici. Best known for Renaissance culture. | ||
| territory ruled by a prince | ||
| a change or variation; unexpected changes in life | ||
| a seaport in northwestern Italy | ||
| to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). | ||
| A rival family plotted to kill him and his brother, Lorenzo, as they attended Mass. They murdered him at the altar. His brother however escaped to a small room and held off attackers until help came. Lorenzo then had the killers brutally and publicly executed.; patron of machiavelli | ||
| He was the French pope who was elected to take the place of Urban VI, even though he still claimed to be legitimate. | ||
| This was the French king who reached an agreement with Pope Leo X and allowed the French king to select French bishops and abbots | ||
| Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). | ||
| a monument built to honor soldiers who died in a war | ||
| Buried here: Michelangelo, Dantes heart. Jewish star on it, because Jews donated to rebuild it.; machiavelli | ||
| one who claims to reveal or influence the future through magic, especially communication with the dead; in general, a magician or wizard | ||
| overcome by a feeling of awe | ||
| A political leader, son of Pope Alexander VI, a member of the Spanish Borgia family, he had ambitions of uniting all of Italy under his control. His father tried to exploit his office for the benefit of his relatives. | ||
| to cover a surface; scatter about | ||
| (1492-1503) Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince. | ||
| expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively | ||
| Greeks; specifically, the people of Achaea in northeastern Greece | ||
| the quality of being faithful | ||
| sharpness; roughness; severity (of temper or weather); Ex. asperities of a Russian winter | ||
| external; not essential or inherent; extraneous; OP. intrinsic | ||
| attraction; enticement. | ||
| quality of being disposed to evil | ||
| threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments | ||
| ... | ||
| a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts | ||
| soldiers collectively | ||
| One of Brabanzio's kinsmen, Lodovico acts as a messenger from Venice to Cyprus. He arrives in Cyprus in Act IV with letters announcing that Othello has been replaced by Cassio as governor. | ||
| the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy | ||
| a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland | ||
| arranged marriage to lodovico. engaged for 10 years and comes to milan shy and intimidated. workd with da vinci and brings art and culture to milan. from ferrara. | ||
| something or someone turned to for assistance or security | ||
| act of turning to for assistance | ||
| to take control or power away from somebody in the face of opposition | ||
| having been robbed and destroyed by force and violence | ||
| the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria | ||
| syrian ruler forced jews to adopt greek customs and ideas of greek gods | ||
| conquered all of Greek peninsula | ||
| - Forced Hellenization. - This caused the Maccabean Revolt because they were not allowed to practice Judaism and forced Hellenization | ||
| revolution led by Judas Maccabeus against the tyrannical reign of Antiochus Epiphanes after his pillaging of Jerusalem's temple during the outlaw of Judaism | ||
| French King who responded to Ludovico's call for help and invaded Italy. Conquered Florence, Papal States, Naples. | ||
| Lived in the Vatican, highest power, set up the Treaty of Tordesillas | ||
| Occupied by Pope alexander after given by king louis; NS/Central part of Italy | ||
| to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater | ||
| a region of the northwest Italy; inhabited by the Etruscans, it fell to Rome in the mid-fourth century BC. | ||
| people from Etruria , ( north of Rome) that took control of Rome and Latium. Ruled Rome for more than 100 years. Built up Rome, streets, temples. Skilled metal workers Rome became rich from mining and trade | ||
| someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue | ||
| the beneficiary of a pension fund | ||
| a person who is discontented or disgusted | ||
| (under a prince) | ||
| district or subdivision of a vilayet | ||
| chief administrative division of Turkey | ||
| a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group | ||
| to show as an example or means of proving something | ||
| killed his brother and named the city they built after himself, Rome/was the first king of Rome | ||
| a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica | ||
| teacher, pedagogue | ||
| to elevate in degree, excellence, or respect; dignify; exalt | ||
| syracusan general that eventually sides with rome | ||
| be sufficient | ||
| Asked for French Aid to stop feuding with Florence started french invasion of Italy Started League of Venice: (people who joined were) Pope and Papal States Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand of Aragon (Spain) Emperor Maximillien Duke of Milan! | ||
| (1492-1503) Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince. | ||
| a trick intended to deceive | ||
| unequivocally detestable | ||
| a public square with room for pedestrians | ||
| draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time | ||
| having been robbed and destroyed by force and violence | ||
| r(1503-1513) Pope - very militaristic. Tore down the old Saint Peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. Sponsored Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. | ||
| the head of the Roman Catholic Church | ||
| talk in a dogmatic and pompous manner | ||
| Ruler of Syracuse (317-310 B.C.) who conquered all of Sicily except for territory dominated by Carthage; he was eventually defeated by the Carthaginian army. Example of CRIMINAL ACTS | ||
| they were second to the consuls; were primarily judicial officials (judges); They had to be at least 39 years old. | ||
| a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country | ||
| City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. (p. 107) | ||
| the Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse | ||
| an inheritance coming by right of birth (especially by primogeniture) | ||
| a stock or supply of foods | ||
| .... | ||
| The hero of Machiavelli's "The Prince". Son of the Pope Alexander VI. Aided his father militarily and politically. Began the work of unifying the peninsula by ruthlessly conquering and exactracting total obedience from the Papal State. | ||
| murder of your own parents | ||
| To gain power from the people or the nobles | ||
| From the Hebrew word for "prophet." A group of French painters active in the 1890s who worked in a subjective, sometimes mystical style, stressing flat areas of color and pattern. Bonnard and Vuillard were members. | ||
| attack as false or wrong | ||
| defeated Philip V. of Macedon | ||
| the position of magistrate | ||
| group of officials who can administer laws; authority | ||
| happen or occur again | ||
| the state of being held in high esteem and honor | ||
| a ruler who is unconstrained by law | ||
| Duchy bordering Venice and Papal states facing the Adriatic sea. church council between constantinople and western christianity met here. | ||
| an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west | ||
| the government of the Roman Catholic Church | ||
| was caight celebrating mass with several deacons and beheaded on the spot. | ||
| to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater | ||
| began to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome; tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the church; condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so; banned his ideas and excommunicated him from the church | ||
| a sum of money allotted on a regular basis | ||
| Officer who oversees arrangements for the quartering and movement of troops. Dotted the countryside with strategically located stockpiles of food, forage, ammunition, and equipment. By the 18th century his duties in some European countries included coordinating marches and deployments and drafting operational orders. | ||
| a job in an organization | ||
| custom; habitual procedure; likely | ||
| inappropriate and unpleasing manner or style (especially manner or style of expression) | ||
| Leads Thebes to defeat Spartan army forces. ( Battle of Leuctra ) 371 B.C.>>>> After death of Epaminondas, Thebes is no longer a dominant polis. | ||
| father of Alexander the Great; had three goals: to raise the economic and cultural level of his people, to united the Greek city states under Macedonian rule, and to lead a combined Greek/ Macedonian army against the Persian Empire | ||
| the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria | ||
| puffed up with vanity; a moment of ominous significance | ||
| ... | ||
| son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377 | ||
| ... | ||
| a county in southeastern England on the North Sea and the Thames estuary | ||
| the wide part of a river where it nears the sea | ||
| the longest river in England | ||
| the act of encamping and living in tents in a camp | ||
| constituting a disadvantage | ||
| The weapons and supplies of war with which a military unit is equipped., The weapons and supplies of war with which a military unit is equipped | ||
| infamy (Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. ) | ||
| (used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame | ||
| Greatest Greek warrior, husband of Briseis whom Agamemnon steals, only vulnerable place is his heel, prophecy that he would die in the Trojan war, which he does at the hand of Paris | ||
| Greek historian; student of Socrates; anecdotal use of history; used history to fulfill his own philosophical agenda | ||
| leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice | ||
| greatest poet of the Golden Age, called the "Homer of Rome" because the Iliad and the Odyssey served as models for his epic, the Aeneid; focus on Patriotism; it took 10 years to write | ||
| (Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage | ||
| Phoenician exile, queen and founder of Carthage, wife of Sychaeus first, then consort of Aeneas, who commits suicide upon his departure for Italy. | ||
| general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War | ||
| ____________ appointed dictator in 2nd punic war after battle of lake trasimene, made marcus minucius as master of horse. strategy was to wait before attacking. minucius thought this was wrong, gave minucius 1/2 army, minucius was losing battle and helped him. really good general | ||
| 264 B.C. - 241 B.C., Rome and Carthage fought over island of Sicily, was a naval war, Rome was losing because they did not have a good navy, Romans figured out how to board the Carthage ships and fight them there, Romans gained control of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia (Islands) | ||
| 218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage | ||
| Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) | ||
| avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues) | ||
| (n.) a person or thing turned to for help or advice; the act of seeking help or protection | ||
| (classical mythology) a mythical being that is half man and half horse | ||
| ... | ||
| ... | ||
| French Protestants who endured severe persecution in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | ||
| impossible to retract or revoke | ||
| producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect | ||
| rudeness, arrogance, pride, boldness, insulting behavior | ||
| pleasant and beneficial in nature or influence | ||
| This emperor was killed by Praetorians (so many killings,...gosh.. makes me wonder), but he tried to create financial refroms | ||
| Ancient Roman Emperor who succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius, and began the decline of the Roman Empire. | ||
| Emperor of Rome | ||
| Some were beheaded. Rhais had boiled pitch thrust upon her head and then ha been burned. Some were thrown to wild beast or some were thrown to a Bull. Cecilia was thrown naked into a scalding bath and then beheaded. | ||
| Ruled 235 to 238 AD. Son of Maximinus I, given rank of 'Caesar' at the same time as his father was made 'Augustus'. He was murdered with his father June 24th, 238 AD. | ||
| characteristic of Praetorian soldiers in respect to corruption or political venality | ||
| an annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic | ||
| This emperor was killed by Praetorians (so many killings,...gosh.. makes me wonder), but he tried to create financial refroms | ||
| (ancient Rome) the leader of 100 soldiers | ||
| without respect | ||
| ... | ||
| the activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered | ||
| complete in all aspects or essentials; absolute; attended by all qualified members | ||
| a feeling of intense dislike | ||
| .... | ||
| chiefs | ||
| family that came to power in milan 1450. They were a Condottiere family: hired mercenaries | ||
| Lords of Italian cities. As the Italian communes of the 13th century became increasingly fractiious, regional nobles saw this friction as politically advantageous and offered to become the lords of the cities. Their accession to power was often accomplished peacefully, as most communes were willing to accept repression for a lasting peace. | ||
| a representative sent on a special mission, especially one representing the pope | ||
| a member of a legation | ||
| a reward or payment (the guerdon of the conqueror) | ||
| a cordial disposition | ||
| become less in amount or intensity | ||
| -s, n., a collective farm in Russia | ||
| capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out | ||
| He controlled Burgandy until Louis XI allowed the Swiss to invade and in the process he was killed, and his land went to France | ||
| a man of rank in the ancien regime | ||
| father of Alexander the Great; had three goals: to raise the economic and cultural level of his people, to united the Greek city states under Macedonian rule, and to lead a combined Greek/ Macedonian army against the Persian Empire | ||
| What will happen when the Ottoman Empire finally falls? | ||
| The question of who will benefit from the crumbling Ottoman Empire. The Great Powers are like vultures circling a corpse. Which will dive first to pick over the bones of the Ottomans. | ||
| presenting favorable circumstances | ||
| (Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica | ||
| the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521) | ||
| He was the French pope who was elected to take the place of Urban VI, even though he still claimed to be legitimate. |
