Terms : Hide Images
| 22360016 | Muslims | the follwers of the Islamic religion | 0 | |
| 22360017 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born in 570 o Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 CE and thereafter; died in 632 | 1 | |
| 22360018 | Mecca | City located in mountainous region along the Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of cheif religion | 2 | |
| 22360019 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 3 | |
| 22360020 | Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge from Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra). | 4 | |
| 22360021 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 5 | |
| 22360022 | Hijra | Flight of Muhammad and followers in 622 CE from Mecca to Medina; marks the first year of Islamic calendar | 6 | |
| 22360023 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. "Alms Giving". | 7 | |
| 22360024 | Hajj | Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worship at the Ka'ba | 8 | |
| 22360025 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysg that dominated politics and commerical economy of Mecca; clan late able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 9 | |
| 22360026 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 10 | |
| 22360027 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converters; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community | 11 | |
| 22360028 | Jihad | An Islamic holy war. For example, the crusades. | 12 | |
| 22360029 | Damascus | Umayyad political capital. Caliphs built imperial administration. | 13 | |
| 22360030 | "People of the Book" | Originally Jews and Christians, later added Zoroastrians and Hindus. | 14 | |
| 22360031 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 CE | 15 | |
| 22360032 | The Thousand and One Nights | A book that told of the luxurious lifestyle of Caliph Harun Al-Rashid | 16 | |
| 22360033 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name if Abbasid caliphs from the mid-11th century | 17 | |
| 22360034 | Holy Land | The Arabian peninsula was considered the biblical holy land to the Christians and the Christians invaded the Muslims trying to capture the holy land during the Crusades | 18 | |
| 22360035 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initally launched by western Christians to free the holy land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commericals wars and extermination of heresy | 19 | |
| 22360036 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islams | 20 | |
| 22360037 | Rubiyat | An epic poem that blends mystical and commonplace theme; written by Sa'di and Omar Khayyan | 21 | |
| 22360038 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 22 | |
| 22360039 | Sufis | Mystics within Islamic; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia | 23 | |
| 22360040 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 24 | |
| 22360041 | Genghis Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khan of all Mongol tribs in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died the 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world | 25 | |
| 22360042 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 26 | |
| 22360043 | Tamerlane | aka Timur; leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarland launched series of attacks in Perisan, the Fertile Crescent, India and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 | 27 | |
| 22360044 | Sati | Ritual in India of immolating surviving widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands | 28 | |
| 22360045 | Malacca | This city was key to the spread of Islam from there it spreads to Malaya, Sumatra and the state of Demark. It was Indonesia and had a lot of spices. Muslim merchants traded | 29 |
