Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 8
Terms : Hide Images
| 291978397 | Mecca | city in western Arabia; birthplace of Muhammad and ritual center of the Islamic religion | 0 | |
| 291978398 | Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of Islamic religion | 1 | |
| 291978399 | Muslim | an adherent of the Islamic religion | 2 | |
| 291978400 | Islam | religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine revelations | 3 | |
| 291978401 | Medina | city in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution | 4 | |
| 291978402 | umma | the community of all Muslims | 5 | |
| 291978403 | caliphate | office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire | 6 | |
| 291978404 | Quran | book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad; sacred text of Islamic faith | 7 | |
| 291978405 | Shi'ites | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendent of Muhammad's son-in-law | 8 | |
| 291978406 | Umayyad Caliphate | first hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs | 9 | |
| 291978407 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership | 10 | |
| 291978408 | Abbasid Caliphate | descendants of Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas; overthrew Umayyad Caliphate | 11 | |
| 291978409 | mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the Abbasid Caliphate's armed forces | 12 | |
| 291978410 | Ghana | first known kingdom in sub-Saharan west Africa | 13 | |
| 291978411 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars | 14 | |
| 291978412 | hadith | tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; most important basis for Islamic Law after the Quran | 15 |
