A study guide for the Road to Revolution.
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| 563975380 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | |
| 563975381 | Standing army | A permanent army of professional soldiers; they were there to maintain in times of peace as well as times of war. | |
| 563975382 | Revenue | Income. | |
| 563975383 | Salutary Neglect | An undocumented English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies. | |
| 563975384 | Writ of assistance | Legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled; a search warrant. | |
| 563975385 | George Grenville | Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. | |
| 563975386 | Sugar Act | Halved the duty on foreign made molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court; lowered tax on molasses. | |
| 563975387 | Stamp Act | An act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents. | |
| 564005785 | Stamp Act Congress | Group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act, saying that Parliament couldn't tax without colonist' consent. | |
| 564005786 | Boycott | A group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies; to refuse to buy items. | |
| 564005787 | Non-importation agreement | Pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad; not to import goods taxed from England. | |
| 564019627 | Declaratory Act | Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. | |
| 564019628 | Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea. | |
| 564019629 | Daughters of Liberty | An organization formed by women prior to the American Revolution They got together to protest treatment of the colonies by their British Rulers. | |
| 566053953 | Direct Tax | British-imposed tax directly on the colonies that was intended to raise revenue; the Stamp act was the first attempt by Parliament to impose a direct tax on the colonies; a tax paid directly by the person or organization on whom it is levied. | |
| 566053954 | John Hancock and The Liberty | John Hancock was a very good smuggler. He and The Liberty-a ship- were on the brink of rebellion against the British troops. | |
| 566053955 | Boston Massacre | British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution. | |
| 566053956 | Crispus Attucks | The African-Native American man who was the first man to die in the Boston Massacre, also considered the first death in the Revolutionary War. | |
| 566053957 | "Taxation without representation" | Primary grief of the American colonists pre-Revolutionary War. The English Bill of Rights in 1689 set forth that no taxes could be collected without consent of Parliament. SInce the colonists had no representation, they believed that the taxes violated the Rights of Englishmen in the Magna Carta. The complaint was over the decision-making process of taxation without Colonial representation. | |
| 566053958 | Patrick Henry | a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799); "Give me liberty or give me death" | |
| 566053959 | Resolution | Finding a solution to a problem; a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; a formal expression of opinion or intention made, usually after voting, by a formal organization, a legislature, a club, or other group. Compare concurrent resolution, joint resolution. | |
| 566078154 | Effigy | A crude image of a despised person; a crude dummy or image representing a hated person or group. | |
| 566078155 | Repeal | To cancel, or decline. | |
| 566078156 | Imports | Goods brought into a country; goods produced abroad and sold domestically. | |
| 566078157 | Rebellion | Refusal to accept some authority or code or convention. | |
| 566078158 | Propaganda | Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause; ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | |
| 566089184 | Committee of correspondence | Colonial organization organized in 1770 to spread news of Great Britain's actions and acts throughout the colonies. | |
| 566089185 | Sam Adams | A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and the Non-Importation Commission, which protested the Townshend Acts, and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. He served in the Continental Congress throughout the Revolution, and served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797. | |
| 566089186 | Sons of Liberty | Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament. Led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors. | |
| 566106597 | Tea Act (1773) | Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party | |
| 566106598 | East India Company | An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia; British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces. | |
| 566106599 | Boston Tea Party | Demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor. | |
| 566106600 | Coercive Acts | This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonian's to shelter soldiers in their own homes. | |
| 566106601 | Boston Port Act | This was one of the Coercive Acts, which shut down Boston Harbor until Boston repaid the East India Company for the lost tea. | |
| 566106602 | Massachusetts Act | Act which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. | |
| 566106603 | Administration of Justice Act | Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England rather than the colonies. | |
| 566106604 | Quartering Act | An act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists. | |
| 566106605 | Quebec Act | Passed in 1774 by the British Parliament, it extended political and legal concessions to the inhabitants of Quebec and granted them religious freedom. | |
| 566106606 | Intolerable Acts | A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British. (Coercive Acts) | |
| 566106607 | Militia | Civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army. | |
| 566106608 | Patriots | American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won. | |
| 566106609 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence. | |
| 566106610 | 1st Continental Congress | On September 1774, delegates from 12 colonies gathered in Philadelphia. After debating, the delegates passed a resolution backing Mass. in its struggle. Decided to boycott all British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerance Act was canceled. | |
| 566106611 | Suffolks Resolves | 1. Asked colonists to raise armed militia; and 2. Economic sanctions against Great Britain. | |
| 566108662 | Lexington & Concord | The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts. | |
| 566108663 | Paul Revere and William Dawes | They rode through the countryside warning local militias of the approach of the British troops prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord, although Revere was detained by the British shortly after setting out, and never completed his portion of the planned ride. Thanks to the advance warning, the militias were able to take the British by surprise. | |
| 566114268 | North Bridge | The British were trying to secure this area, it is an example of an obstacle in the battle. | |
| 566114269 | Thomas Gage | A British general of Massachusetts who ordered the stored weapons seized by the Sons of Liberty to be taken back & the leaders arrested. | |
| 566114270 | "Shot heard 'round the world" | The first shot fired of the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord when a group of armed minutemen confronted a British column. | |
| 566114271 | Fort Ticonderoga | American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in May 1775; Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold planned a successful attack on this fort | |
| 566118051 | Benedict Arnold | Successful American general during the Revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause. | |
| 566118052 | Ethan Allen | a soldier of the American Revolution whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789), he was also the leader of the Green Mountain Boys. | |
| 566118053 | Green Mountain Boys | Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Allen that made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. | |
| 567570310 | Bunker Hill | The first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775) A battle were the quote , "Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes" derived from. | |
| 567570311 | Breed's Hill | The Hill that most of the Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on. | |
| 567570312 | "... until you see the whites of their eyes." | A quote that William Prescott said at the battle of bunker hill, he told his men not not to fire until they could see the whites of the enemies eyes Means: wait until you have a chance of success. | |
| 567570313 | Thomas Paine and Common Sense | Paine wrote Common Sense, which was a pamphlet discussing how independence from Britain was the only option. Paine wanted to steer American anger towards English constitution. | |
| 567570314 | 2nd Continental Congress | This body formed the Continental Army, sent the Olive Branch to Britain during the blockade of Boston, and eventually drafted the Declaration of Independence. | |
| 567570315 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | |
| 567570316 | John Dickenson (PA) | A man who said that Britain's actions were no reason to go to war, that America would only suffer and die from being free from their mother country. "Father of the Articles" and committee of writers. | |
| 567570317 | Continental Army | The official army of the colonies, created by second continental congress and led by George Washington. | |
| 567570318 | George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. | |
| 567570319 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | |
| 567570320 | George III | King of England during the American Revolution; wished to keep the Americans as a loyal colony; instituted many taxes on the colonists to boost revenue for England. | |
| 567570321 | Hessians | German mercenaries that were hired by the British for putting down the rebellion of the colonies. The hiring of these men showed to the colonists that the British had only military action in mind as a solution to the current problems. | |
| 567570322 | Richard Henry Lee | Member of the Second Continental Congress who urged Congress to support independence; signer of the Declaration of Independence. | |
| 567570323 | Lee Resolution | Was an act of the Second Continental Congress declaring the United Colonies to be independent of the British Empire. | |
| 567570324 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | |
| 567570325 | Committee of 5 | A group of men that wrote the Declaration of Independence. Consisted of: Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert Livington, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. | |
| 567570326 | Declaration of Independence | The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. | |
| 567570327 | Preamble | make a preliminary introduction, usually to a formal document; an introduction to a speech or piece of writing. | |
| 567570328 | Declaration of Natural Rights | This section lists the rights of the citizens. The Declaration referred to these natural rights as unalienable rights (right that cannot be surrendered). | |
| 567570329 | List of Grievences | Is about the complaints the colonists argued about against the King George and his government(Parliament). | |
| 567570330 | Resolution of Independence | States that the U.S. are free independent states, absolved from their allegiance to the British crown, and there is no political connection between the two nations. |
