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| 284827523 | Ptolematic System | An idea from the Middle Ages that states that the moon, the sun and the planets all move in perfectly circular paths around the world. | 0 | |
| 284827524 | Geocentric | A theory, created by Aristotle during the Middle Ages, that stated that the Earth was located at the center of the universe. According to the belief, the moon, the sun, and all the planets moved in perfectly circular paths around the earth. | 1 | |
| 284827525 | Tycho Brahe | A Danish astronomer who carefully recorded the movements of the planets and produced mountains of accurate data based on his observations. Died in 1601 | 2 | |
| 284827526 | Heliocentric | A theory, created by Nicolaus Copernicus in the early 1500's, that stated that the sun was located at the center of the universe. This theory contradicted religious views. | 3 | |
| 284827527 | Rationalism | René Descartes believed, during the 1600's, that rather than using experimentation, you should rely on mathematics and logic. | 4 | |
| 284827528 | Scientific Revolution | A time period when scholars replaced old assumptions with new theories. This sparked a new way of thinking about the natural world. | 5 | |
| 284827529 | Galileo | An Italian scientist who added on the new theories about astronomy. He built his own telescope in 1609, then published "Starry Messenger" in 1610, and found astonishing observations in the sky using his telescope. His findings were a threat to the church, so he could not publish them. In 1632, he published "Dialogue Concerning the Two chief World Systems", but was sent on trial for it in 1633. | 6 | |
| 284827530 | Francis Bacon | An English statesman and writer during the 1600's who developed the experimental method and helped develop the scientific method. | 7 | |
| 284827531 | Isaac Newton | An English scientist in the mid-1600's who developed the laws of motion. He published "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687, which stated all of his ideas about the universe. | 8 | |
| 284827532 | Hypothesis | The second step in the scientific method where the scientist forms an unproved assumption. | 9 | |
| 284827533 | Nicholas Copernicus | A Polish cleric and astronomer who created the "Heliocentric Theory" in the mid 1500's | 10 | |
| 284827534 | René Descartes | A French mathematician who helped develop the scientific method by adding logic and research into the process during the 1600's. | 11 | |
| 284827535 | Johannes Kepler | A Mathematician who continued Brahe's work after his death in 1601. Kepler concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion. | 12 | |
| 284827536 | Zacharias Janssen | A Dutch eyeglass maker who invented the first microscope in 1590. | 13 | |
| 284827537 | Anton van Leeuwenhoek | A Dutch drapery merchant who used a microscope to observe bacteria swimming in a tooth of scrapings and red blood cells in the 1670's | 14 | |
| 284827538 | Evangelista Torricelli | One of Galileo's students who developed the first mercury barometer in 1643. | 15 | |
| 284827539 | Gabriel Fahrenheit | A German physicist who created the first thermometer to use mercury in glass in 1714 which showed water freezing at 32° | 16 | |
| 284827540 | Anders Celsius | A Sweedish astronomer who created a thermometer on a different scale using mercury in glass in 1742 which showed water freezing at 0° | 17 | |
| 284827541 | Andreas Vesalius | A Flemish physician who proved Galen's assumptions that the anatomy of the pig and human were much the same. Vesalius dissected human corpses and published his observations in his book called ''On the Structure of the Human Body" in 1543. | 18 | |
| 284827542 | Edward Jenner | A British physician who introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox in the late 1700's. | 19 | |
| 284827543 | Robert Boyle | Started the use of the scientific method in chemistry. Also known as the founder of modern chemistry. Wrote a book in 1661, called "The Sceptical Chymist", to challenge Aristotle's idea of 4 elements that made up the physical world. | 20 | |
| 284827544 | Scientific Method | A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas created during the 1600's. | 21 |
