This flashcard set includes the vocabulary words and definitions from Chp 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Biology 9E by Campbell et al, 2011). Visit my website for more biology and anatomy resources!
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| 5400108214 | macromolecule | a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction | 0 | |
| 5400108215 | polymer | a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together | 1 | |
| 5400108216 | monomer | the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer | 2 | |
| 5400108218 | dehydration reaction | a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule | 3 | |
| 5400108219 | hydrolysis | a chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers | 4 | |
| 5400108220 | carbohydrate | a sugar, such as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide | 5 | |
| 5400108221 | monosaccharide | the simplest carbohydrate, also known as a simple sugar, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides | 6 | |
| 5400108222 | disaccharide | a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed during dehydration synthesis | 7 | |
| 5400108224 | polysaccharide | a polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions | 8 | |
| 5400108225 | starch | a storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by a glycosidic linkage | 9 | |
| 5400108226 | glycogen | an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals | 10 | |
| 5400108227 | cellulose | a structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages | 11 | |
| 5400108228 | chitin | a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods | 12 | |
| 5400108229 | lipid | one of a group of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water | 13 | |
| 5400108230 | fat | a lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule | 14 | |
| 5400108231 | fatty acid | a long carbon chain carboxylic acid that vary in length and in the number and location of double covalent bonds | 15 | |
| 5400108233 | saturated fatty acid | a molecule in which all carbons in its hydrocarbon tail are connected by single covalent bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton | 16 | |
| 5400108234 | unsaturated fatty acid | a molecule possessing one or more double covalent bonds between the carbons in its hydrocarbon tail, which reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton | 17 | |
| 5400108235 | trans fat | an unsaturated fat containing one or more trans double bonds | 18 | |
| 5400108236 | phospholipid | a molecule made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group, which form bilayers that function as biological membranes | 19 | |
| 5400108237 | steroid | a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various chemical groups attached | 20 | |
| 5400108238 | cholesterol | a steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, such as hormones | 21 | |
| 5400108239 | protein | a functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure | 22 | |
| 5400108240 | polypeptide | a polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds | 23 | |
| 5400108241 | enzyme | a macromolecule that functions in the selective acceleration of chemical reactions | 24 | |
| 5400108242 | catalyst | a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction | 25 | |
| 5400108243 | amino acid | an organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups, that serves as the monomers of polypeptides | 26 | |
| 5400108252 | peptide bond | the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the next, formed by a dehydration reaction | 27 | |
| 5400108263 | denaturation | a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, or temperature, thereby becoming biologically inactive | 28 | |
| 5400108268 | gene | a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA | 29 | |
| 5400108269 | nucleic acid | a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers, serving as a blueprint for proteins, and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities; the two types are DNA and RNA | 30 | |
| 5400108270 | deoxyribonucleic acid | a double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins | 31 | |
| 5400108271 | ribonucleic acid | a type of single-stranded nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses | 32 | |
| 5400108272 | nucleotide | the building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group | 33 | |
| 5400108276 | ribose | the sugar component of RNA nucleotides | 34 | |
| 5400108277 | deoxyribose | the sugar component of DNA nucleotides | 35 |
