history chapter 2
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| 846009819 | 1606 | James I issues new charter dividing North America b/t London Group in the south and the Plymouth merchants in the north. Charter promised full rights of Englishmen, an end to strict rule and share in self-government. | 1 | |
| 846009820 | Jamestown | founded in 1607. London Co. headed for VA w/ 144 men aboard. Only 104 men survived. Site was low and swampy (failed for 17 years). Founded as a Joint Stock company to make a profit. | 2 | |
| 846009821 | John Smith | John Smith took leadership promoted work and order, raids on Indian villages. Only 38 of orignial 144 survived. No women-no permanent stake. Disease-malaria. "Saved" by Pochahantas | 3 | |
| 846009822 | Jamestown "starving time" | 600 passangers to VA. One ship lost at sea, one aground on Bermuda isle. Many who arrived succumed to fevers. Local indians kept them barracaded in. Lived off dogs,..corpses. 60 people left when aground vessel arrived. All left. Ran into another supply vessel w/ Governor Lord De La Warr. Establish headright system. (50 acres) encouraged immigration. | 4 | |
| 846009823 | Early Jamestown | Pocohontas married John Rolf and went to visit England. During VA 17 years 8,500 white settlers arrived--80% died. | 5 | |
| 846009824 | 1619 | First African workers in Virginia. 20 some African negroes. Colonists thought they were indentured servants. | 6 | |
| 846009825 | House of Burgesses | Met for the first time in 1619. Established representative gov't. (early preedent for self government) | 7 | |
| 846009826 | Plymouth | Founded in 1620. Puritan Separatists. Set sail on the Mayflower, drew up the Mayflower Compact and governed themselves. "combine urselves together into a civil body politic" (early precedent for self-government) | 8 | |
| 846009827 | 1621 | Spain went to war with the Netherlands. English swooped in and began colonizing.(Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica and Barbados). Spain only colonized on the larger islands (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico). Tobacco and cotton failed--sugar succeeded. | 9 | |
| 846009828 | Opecenough | Powhatan Indians attack Virginia in 1622 | 10 | |
| 846009829 | 1624 | Dutch settle in Manhattan | 11 | |
| 846009830 | Charles I | began ruling as Monarch in England, dismissed the Parliament. | 12 | |
| 846009831 | 1629-40 | King Charles I dissolved Parliament. (this is King James' son who was also repressive toward Puritans). | 13 | |
| 846009832 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Puritans established in 1630. 17 ships set sail with 1,000 people. Largest single migration. Gov'n John Winthrop. Created a refuge for Puritans. Charter meant they were not responsible to any company officials in England. | 14 | |
| 846009833 | English turmoil | Charles I began ruling, Dismissed Parliament, Parliament returned, English Civil War began; Charles beheaded; New "protector" died; Charles II comes back and seizes throne. This is called the Restoration Period (1632-33). | 15 | |
| 846009834 | Maryland | founded in 1634. Origins different than VA. Originally a refuge for Catholics, but Calvert died while negotiating with the King Lord Baltimore for charter. His son Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore) received charter and made his brother Leonard Calvert as governor. The most religiously tolerant. | 16 | |
| 846009835 | Rhode Island | Roger Williams founded, 1635-36. Williams had lived in Salem, expressing religious and political dissent. Advocated separation from England. He escaped before deportation. Refuged with Narragansett tribe. Created Providence. Rhode Island was the only colony which all faiths could worship. | 17 | |
| 846009836 | Pequot War | Broke out between English settlers in Connectcut valley in 1637. Natives almost wiped out. Bloodiest battle between whites and Indians. White's called it King Philips War(Indian Chief).Whites and Mohawks ambushed Metacomet and killed him. Fragile alliance disbanded. Earlier exchange of Flintlock rifle and Matchlock rifle (heavy). | 18 | |
| 846009837 | Anne Hutchinson | felt that one could talk directly to God. Challenged assumptions about role of women in Puritan society. Convicted of heresy and sedition, banished with her family in 1638. Later killed in Indian uprising. | 19 | |
| 846009838 | English Civil War | broke out in 1642. King Charles I antagonized the Parliament by dismissing them twice in two years. They organized a military force --Cavaliers (support the king) and the Roundheads (forces of Parliament, largly Puritan). Roundheads won..king beheaded. | 20 | |
| 846009839 | 1650's | England began trying to regulate colonial trade by Pariliament passing laws to keep Dutch ships out of the colonies. Navigation Acts passed later (1660-1673). | 21 | |
| 846009840 | Navigation Acts | 1660, 1663, 1673. Only trade with English ships and items exported only to England (tobacco); European goods must go through England to get taxed before the colonies receive; Coastal trading amongst colonies will be subject to taxes and custom officials will be appointed. | 22 | |
| 846009841 | New Netherlands | English captured in 1664. Charles I granted his brother James(Duke of York) the land between CT and DE rivers. English navy extracted surrender of Dutch colony, renamed it New York. Living there were Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French and Africans(slaves) and Indians. No provision for representative assemblies.Political power with wealthy. | 23 | |
| 846009842 | Charleston | founded in 1669. Charles II awarded 8 proprietors joint title. Religious freedom for all Christian faiths. Created representative assembly. Hoped to attract existing settlers and save $$. Anthony Ashley Cooper didn't give up and aided by John Locke drew up the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina. Divided colonies into equal size/equal parcels. Established social hierarchy. North (backwoods) South (fertile land/good harbor). Headright system established. It failed. | 24 | |
| 846009844 | New Jersey | founded in 1674. James (Duke of York) gave part of his charter to John Berkley and Sir George Carteret. Carteret named it NJ. Enormous ethnic and religious diversity but no class division. | 25 | |
| 846009845 | King Phillips War (Metacom's War) | 1675-1678, New England natives defending themselves against an ever increasing white settlement, 12 New England towns destroyed and about 1/2 of New England towns attacked, Metacom was eventually captured and killed | 26 | |
| 846009847 | Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 - The autocratic rule of Berkley,Revealed rival elites in VA; Demonstrated instability of large population of non-landowners; continued struggle for white and Indian spheres of influence. Bacon was a westerland farmer.Nathaniel Bacon angered about hold the line of settlement to avoid Indian conflicts. Motivated movement away from indenture and toward race based slavery. | 27 | |
| 846009848 | Pennsylvania | chartered in 1681. Society of Friends, first leader George Fox & Margaret Fell. Quakers rejected predestination concept and original sin. Pacifists. Colony was best know and most cosmopolitan of all colonies. Franklin named Philadelphia (city of brotherly love). | 28 | |
| 846009849 | 1684 | Defiance of Navigation Acts by MA lead to charter getting revoked. | 29 | |
| 846009850 | Dominion of New England | 1686 | 30 | |
| 846009851 | Glorious Revolution | James II popular support vanished, daughter Mary (protestant) and husband William of Orange appt. ruler of Netherlands to assume the throne. Considered a bloodless coup. Touched off revolutions in several colonies (bloody ones); representative assemblies revived; colonial unification abandoned. 1688-89 | 31 | |
| 846009852 | 1691 | The Glorious Revolution led to Maryland becoming a separate colony. The new gov't increase potential authority. | 32 | |
| 846009853 | 1701 | Ben Franklin signed a Charter of Liberties to establish representative assembly--limited authority of proprietor. | 33 | |
| 846009854 | Spanish "Southwest" | Spanish began to fortify borders by est. forts (San Antonio area). Greatest threat was the French near Texas. (1731) | 34 | |
| 846009855 | Georgia | chartered in 1732. Granted General James Oglethorpe and his fellow trustees control of GA. Excluded Africans(free or slave); Settlement became more compact and easier to defend. Only a few debtors release from prison. Brought hundreds of tradesman England, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland, Jews. Grew slower that other colonies. | 35 | |
| 846009856 | colonial restoration period | Restoration Period --resumption of colonization in America. four additional colonies: Carolinas, NY, NJ and PA (1663) | 36 | |
| 868773197 | "mail order" brides in Jamestown | VA Co. sent ironworkers and craftsman with 100 Englishwoman for wives to Virginia Colony. | 37 | |
| 868793877 | What led to the Pueblo Revolt? | The harsh treatment of the Spanish and the Missions were tolerated at beginning but as the priests continued their power push by enforcing taxes on converted natives, burning every religious sacred thing of the pueblo people, forbidding the Kachina dances that are done at ceremonies, and arresting 43 shamans, killing 4, along with the drought that was destroying livestock and crops the natives under the leadership of shaman Pope, who was released from capture, revived their traditional religious culture and now wanted the Spanish out | 38 | |
| 868793878 | Why was there such intensified religious restriction before Pueblo revolt? | Continued power struggle between the Spanish governors and the religious friars over. Both groups were there just to exploit the pueblos and competition to who can get the most out of the labor and resources of them. In order for the friars to get control of the labor they offered they needed to convert the natives and so they believed the best way to do so was to eliminate any other religious option, including the one they were originally practicing | 39 | |
| 868793879 | Result of Pueblo Revolt | Spanish lost the colony to the Pueblo and their monopoly over the midwest. The Spanish horses are captured and spread throughout the Southwest becoming the start of the horse culture that arises throughout the heart of america | 40 | |
| 868793880 | What was the Pueblo Revolt? | an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico. | 41 | |
| 868793881 | What happened during the pueblo revolt? (damages done) and how many natives were involved? | Pueblo indians killed 400 spanish, burned churches, put poop on chuches, killed preist & sent surviving spanish fleeing, 17,000 | 42 | |
| 868793882 | What was different about the treatment of the Pueblos this time after the Spanish had returned? | The Spanish weren't forcing them to give up their culture anymore - they were less oppressive | 43 | |
| 868793883 | Why was the Pueblo Revolt significant? (3 reasons) | it was the only successful revolt, Pueblo culture stayed intact, pueblos are still located there today. | 44 | |
| 868935504 | Stono Rebellion | first major slave rebellion (South Carolina), slaves stole a supply of guns and killed 20-25 whites, slaves hoped to escape to Florida (1676) Enacted strong laws stopping slaves from assembling in groups and from being taught to read. | 45 | |
| 868935505 | slavery in South Carolina | imported slaves with specific knowledge of rice growing. Most southerners did not own slaves but felt that slaves were inferior to all whites | 46 | |
| 868935506 | Maryland Toleration Act, 1649 | protected Roman Catholics from discrimination and gave Christians some degree of religous action | 47 | |
| 868935507 | Headright System (Chesapeake) | Method of attracting settlers to Virginia; after 1618, it gave fifty acres of land to anyone who paid for their own passage or for that of any other settlers who might be sent or brought to the colony. | 48 | |
| 869430270 | "City on a Hill" | John Winthrop's statement the Puritans were to live as a model Christian society for the world (the beginning of American Exceptionalism?) | 49 | |
| 869430271 | New England Colonies | migrated as families, longer life expectancy, religously motivated, | 50 | |
| 869430272 | Chesapeake Colonies | intially mostly single men, motivated by trade and profit | 51 | |
| 869430273 | Halfway Covenant | signified decrease in religous zeal of 2nd generation Puritans, In 1662, Puritans permitted the baptized children of church members into a "half-way" membership in the congregation and allowed them to baptize their children; they still could not vote or take communion. | 52 | |
| 869430274 | Pilgrims | sepratists who wanted to end all ties with a corrupt England and corrupt Europe (beginning of theme of US' isolationism) | 53 | |
| 869433392 | Puritans | led by John Winthrop, wanted to reform or "purify" the Church of England, 11 ships and 700 people to Mass. Bay, lived in villages centered around a meeting house, strict moral code - no card playing no dancing | 54 | |
| 869436957 | Pennsylvania | Founded by William Penn when King Charles II settled a debt with Penn's father using land in 1681; proprietary colony with William Penn as the proprietor, settled by Quakers | 55 | |
| 869436958 | Relations with Great Britain - Restoration (1660) and the Glorious Revolution (1688) | American colonists reluctant to accept the Restoration as it appeared to show the failure of puritan reform. Glorious Revolution in England led to small rebellions in the colonies due to the new English Bill of Rights | 56 | |
| 869436959 | Virginia Company | 1606; English joint stock companies chartered by James I with the purpose of establishing colonies in America | 57 | |
| 869436960 | Pequot War | 1634-38; armed conflict between English colonists and Pequot Indians, resulting in hundreds of Indians killed or in captivity | 58 | |
| 869436961 | "Peaceable Kingdom" | William Penn's vision of Pennsylvania inhabited by both Indians and Europeans | 59 | |
| 869436962 | Antinomianism | An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson | 60 | |
| 869436963 | Great Migration | Settlement of over twenty thousand Puritans in Massachusetts Bay and other parts of New England between 1630 and 1642. | 61 | |
| 869436964 | Indentured servants | Individuals who sold their labor for a fixed number of years in return for passage to the colonies; indentured servants were usually young, unemployed men and could be sold. | 62 | |
| 869436965 | Proprietary colony | A colony founded as a grant of land by the king to an individual or group of individuals; Maryland (1634) and Carolina (1663) were proprietary colonies, as was Pennsylvania (1681). | 63 |
