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| 5335254438 | Plasma Membrane (or cell membrane) | a membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. | 0 | |
| 5335254439 | Cytoplasm | Thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus. | 1 | |
| 5335254440 | Why are cells so small? | Surface to volume ratio | 2 | |
| 5335254441 | The bigger the cell is, the ________ there is per unit | Less surface area | 3 | |
| 5335254442 | Above a certain size in a cell, material cannot _____________ | Be moved in or out of of the cell fast enough | 4 | |
| 5335254443 | Light microscopes | Light is focused using glass lenses | 5 | |
| 5335254445 | Limitations of light microscopy | Magnification only up to 1000x | 6 | |
| 5335254446 | Light microscopes can resolve objects down to about ________ in size | 200nm or 0.2 microns | 7 | |
| 5335254447 | Electron microscope | Instead of light, electrons are used forming an imagine through a computer of how they are being absorbed. | 8 | |
| 5335254448 | Disadvantage of electron Microscopes | Sample preparation procedures require specimens to be dead | 9 | |
| 5335254449 | Types of Electron Microscope | Transmission Electron Microscope or Scanning Electron Microscope | 10 | |
| 5335254450 | Scanning Electron Microscope | Creates an image by reflection that looks 3D | 11 | |
| 5335254451 | Transmission Electron Microscope | Creates a high resolution "slice" image by passing a beam of electrons THROUGH a sample | 12 | |
| 5335254452 | Function of cell membrane | Divide cell into compartments | 13 | |
| 5335254454 | Interacting membranes inside the cell form _______ | Endomembrane systems | 14 | |
| 5335254455 | Cell membrane or Plasma Membrane is present in all cells, responsible for | Maintaining a constant internal environment in cell cytoplasm | 15 | |
| 5335254456 | Cell wall is ________ in animal cells | Absent | 16 | |
| 5335254457 | Main component of cell membranes is | Lipid Bilayers | 17 | |
| 5335254458 | A lipid bilayer consists of | Two layers of phospholipids | 18 | |
| 5335254459 | This lipid bilayer gives the membrane its ___________ | Fluid properties | 19 | |
| 5335254460 | Fluid Mosaic Model | A model that describes the cell membrane. | 20 | |
| 5335254461 | Mosaic membrane is made up of | Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Sterols, proteins | 21 | |
| 5335254462 | Most phospholipids and some proteins can _____ through memebrane | Drift. | 22 | |
| 5335254463 | Membrane Proteins consist of | Adhesion, Communication, Receptor and Recognition proteins. | 23 | |
| 5335254464 | Prokaryotic Cells are | Bacterial and Archae | 24 | |
| 5335254465 | In Prokaryotic Cells, DNA is ______ enclosed in the ______ | Not, Nucleus | 25 | |
| 5335254466 | Highly organized membrane-enclosed organelles | Eukaryotic Cells | 26 | |
| 5335254467 | Eukaryotic Cells have | Cytoplasm and Nucleoplasm | 27 | |
| 5335254468 | Archaea and Eubacteria | Prokaryotic Cells | 28 | |
| 5335254469 | Plants, Animals, Protista, Fungi | Eukaryotic Cells | 29 | |
| 5335254470 | Nucleus is bounded by | The nuclear envelope | 30 | |
| 5335254471 | Double membrane perforated with nuclear pores | Nuclear envelope | 31 | |
| 5335254472 | The nuclear side of the envelope is lined with ___________ | The nuclear Lamina. | 32 | |
| 5335254473 | The nuclear lamina is a | Netlike array of protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus, | 33 | |
| 5335254474 | The cell nucleus | Contains DNA | 34 | |
| 5335254475 | DNA forms _________ | Chromatin | 35 | |
| 5335254476 | Chromatin is organized into | Chromosomes | 36 | |
| 5335254477 | Inside the Nucleolous | Ribosomal RNA synthesis, Ribosomal subunit assembly | 37 | |
| 5335254478 | Main component of cell membranes is | Lipid Bilayers | 38 | |
| 5335254479 | Functions of Nucleus | Keeps DNA separated from machinery of cytoplasm | 39 | |
| 5335254480 | Nuclear Envelope | Two outer membranes ( Lipid Bilayers) | 40 | |
| 5335254481 | Innermost surface of Nuclear Envelope has ______ attachment sites | DNA | 41 | |
| 5335254482 | Components of Nucleus | Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Chromatin | 42 | |
| 5335254483 | Chromatin is the cells collection of ______ and associated _________ | DNA and proteins. | 43 | |
| 5335254484 | Chromosome is one __________ and its associated proteins | DNA Molecule and associated proteins | 44 | |
| 5335254485 | Chromatin appearance changes as | Cell divides. | 45 | |
| 5335254486 | Dense mass of material is located in | Nucleus | 46 | |
| 5335254487 | Cluster of DNA and proteins can be found in | Nucleolus | 47 | |
| 5335254488 | Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by | The Nucleolus | 48 | |
| 5335254489 | Subunits must pass through _____ _____ to reach Cytoplasm | 49 | ||
| 5335254490 | Ribosomes | Carry out protein synthesis | 50 | |
| 5335254491 | Ribosomes are made out of | Proteins and rRNA | 51 | |
| 5335254492 | There are two types of ribosomes found in a cell | Free and Bound ribosomes | 52 | |
| 5335254493 | Free Ribosomes are found in | The cytoplam of the cell | 53 | |
| 5335254494 | Bound Ribosomes are found in | The surface of the Endoplasmic Reticulum | 54 | |
| 5335254495 | Endomembrane System | All of the membranes that interact with each other inside a cell. | 55 | |
| 5335254496 | How products are sorted and shipped to various destinations | In the membrane System | 56 | |
| 5335254497 | Components of Endomembrane System | Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Bodies, Vesicles | 57 | |
| 5335254498 | Vesicles consist of | Lysosomes, Food Vacuoles, Contractile Vacuoles, Central Vacuoles | 58 | |
| 5335254499 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Found in animal cells, two regions rough and smooth. | 59 | |
| 5335254500 | Forms a network of tubules and vesicles which functions to transport proteins throughout a cell | Endoplasmic Reticulum | 60 | |
| 5335254501 | Smooth ER | No ribosomes, synthesis lipids and its important in detoxification | 61 | |
| 5335254502 | Smoth ER of _______ inactivates wastes, drugs | Liver | 62 | |
| 5335254503 | In the Endoplasmic Reticulum we can find | Smooth ER and Rough ER | 63 | |
| 5335254504 | Oils, Phospholipids, Steroids, Cholesterol are found in | Smooth ER | 64 | |
| 5335254505 | For an alcoholic, the more you drink the more ______ ER will be produced inside the cell | Smooth | 65 | |
| 5335254506 | Stores calcium ions | Smooth ER | 66 | |
| 5335254507 | Rough ER | "Factory inside of a cell" | 67 | |
| 5335254508 | Contains ribosomes, membrane factory for the cell | Rough ER | 68 | |
| 5335254509 | Golgi Bodies | Put finishing touches on proteins that arrive from ER | 69 | |
| 5335254510 | Package finished material for shipment to final destinations | Golgi Bodies | 70 | |
| 5335254511 | Golgi bodies or Golgi Apparatus are like | " UPS" "Protein receiving center" | 71 | |
| 5335254512 | Vesicles | Membraneous sacs that move through the cytoplasm | 72 | |
| 5335254513 | Examples of Vesicles | Lysosomes and Peroxisomes | 73 | |
| 5335254514 | Lysosomes | Break down worn out cell structures, bacteria and other substances | 74 | |
| 5335254515 | Peroxisomes | Involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification | 75 | |
| 5335254516 | A Vesicle that contains enzymes, also involved in oxidation to Acetaldehyde | Peroxisomes | 76 | |
| 5335254517 | Central Vacuoles | Fluid filled organelles that store amino acids, sugars and wastes. | 77 | |
| 5335254518 | Stores molecules needed by the cell and isolates material that might be harmful to the cell | Central Vacuole | 78 | |
| 5335254519 | As a cell grows, expansion of __________ as a result of fluid pressure forces cell wall to expand | Vacuole | 79 | |
| 5335254520 | Mitochondria | Powerhouse that generates ATP energy | 80 | |
| 5335254521 | Mitochondria sites _______ respiration | Aerobic | 81 | |
| 5335254522 | Mitochondrial Structure | Double membrane. Outer membrane faces cytoplasm | 82 | |
| 5335254523 | Plays important role in | Apoptosis | 83 | |
| 5335254524 | Choroplasts | Only found in plants and converts sunlight energy to ATP through photosynthesis | 84 | |
| 5335254525 | Inner membrane of chloroplasts encloses the ________ | Stroma | 85 | |
| 5335254526 | During photosynthesis, Chlorophyll | Traps light energy | 86 | |
| 5335254527 | Structure of a Chloroplast | Two outer membranes around semifluid interior (stroma) | 87 | |
| 5335254528 | Stroma | Fluid found inside Chroloplast | 88 | |
| 5335254529 | Thylakoids | 3rd stack layer which contains chlorophylls | 89 | |
| 5335254530 | Granum | One stack of Thylakoids | 90 | |
| 5335254531 | Both Mitochondria and Chloroplasts resemble and might have evolved from | Bacteria | 91 | |
| 5335254532 | Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own ____, ____ and _____ | DNA, RNA and Ribosomes | 92 | |
| 5335254533 | Cytoskleleton | Skeleton of the cell, found in the cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells | 93 | |
| 5335254534 | Basis for cell shape and internal organization | Cytoskeleton | 94 | |
| 5335254535 | Cytoskeleton is made up of | Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments | 95 | |
| 5335254536 | Microtubules | Largest elements composed of protein tubulin in the Cytoskeleton | 96 | |
| 5335254537 | Microtubules arise from ______ | MTOC's (microtubule organizing centers) | 97 | |
| 5335254538 | Microfilaments are | Polar or Dynamic | 98 | |
| 5335254539 | Intermediate Filaments | Present only in animal cells of certain tissues | 99 | |
| 5335254540 | 6 known groups of Intermediate Filaments | Desmins, Vimentins, Lamins, Etc. | 100 | |
| 5335254541 | Flagella and Cilia | Structures for cell motility | 101 | |
| 5335254542 | Thin, movable structures that function in movement | Cilia and Flagella | 102 | |
| 5335254543 | Some free living cells, such as amoebas form _____ | False Feet | 103 | |
| 5335254544 | These temporary, irregular lobes project from the cell and function in | Locomotion and prey capture | 104 | |
| 5335254545 | False feet is also known as | Pseudopods | 105 | |
| 5335254546 | Pseudopods move as | Microfilaments | 106 | |
| 5335254547 | Cell wall | Structural component that wraps around plasma membrane found in plants, some fungi and protista | 107 | |
| 5335254548 | Plant Cuticle | Wx film covering cell surface, semi transparent and restricts water loss. | 108 | |
| 5335254549 | The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animals is made up of | Proteins, Carbohydrates, Collagen |  | 109 |
| 5335254550 | Glycocalyx | Cell coat covering outside of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells after plasma membrane. | 110 | |
| 5335254551 | Cell Junctions | Connects cells to other cells | 111 | |
| 5335254552 | Tight Junctions | Glued together tightly that substances cannot leak. (bladder, intestines,kidneys) | 112 | |
| 5335254553 | Desmosomes | Connections not completely tight together, things can flow between them the cells (skin, intestines) | 113 | |
| 5335254554 | Gap Junctions | Communication tunnel junctions between two cells. Found in tissues that spread action potential ( Cardiac muscles) | 114 | |
| 5335254555 | Adhering Junctions | Keeping things from slipping/sliding out of cell | 115 |
