Chapter 4 in Barron's and Chapter 18 in A History of Western Society
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| 245504291 | Frederick the Great of Prussia's reign (political) | 1740-1786 | 0 | |
| 245504292 | Enlightened absolutists (political) | 1750-1790 | 1 | |
| 245504293 | Catherine the Great of Russia's reign (political) | 1762-1796 | 2 | |
| 245504294 | Joseph II of Austria's reign (political) | 1780-1790 | 3 | |
| 245504295 | Royal Society of London founded | 1662 | 4 | |
| 245504296 | Growth of book publishing | 1700-1789 | 5 | |
| 245504297 | Salons led by elite women | 1740-1780 | 6 | |
| 245504298 | Scientific Revolution | 1540-1690 | 7 | |
| 245504299 | Copernicus On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres | 1543 | 8 | |
| 245504300 | Newton Principia and law of universal gravitation | 1687 | 9 | |
| 245504301 | Locke Essay Concerning Human Understanding | 1690 | 10 | |
| 245504302 | Enlightenment | 1690-1780 | 11 | |
| 245504303 | Rousseau The Social Contract | 1762 | 12 | |
| 245504304 | Diderot and d'Alembert Encyclopedia | 1751-1765 | 13 | |
| 245504305 | Bernard de Fontenelle | 1657-1757 made science witty and entertaining for a nonscientific audience in Converations in the Plurality of Worlds in 1687. He was also instrumental in bringing science in conflict with religion, and was cynical abour organized religion. Wrote of progressive scientists and reactionary priests. | 14 | |
| 245504306 | Pierre Bayle | 1647-1706 a famous skeptic French Huguenot who hated Louis XIV. Wrote Historical and Critical Dictionary while taking refuge in the Netherlands that examined religious beliefs in 1697. He supported religious toleration. | 15 | |
| 245504307 | tabula rassa | Locke's idea that everyone is a blank slate when born and is molded by education and the environment around them. | 16 | |
| 245504308 | philosophes | An influencial group that accepted the ideas of the Enlightenment and atempted to educate the public. This group assembled, collectively, the first Encylopedia. | 17 | |
| 245504309 | Montesquieu | 1689-1755 wrote The Persian Letters in 1721 which cleverly criticized English customs and government in letters from a persian visitor. He also wrote the Spirit of Laws which claimed that despotism would be avioded if there was a separation of powers and checks on power. He suggested balance of power between the King the independent courts and Parliament. | 18 | |
| 245504310 | Voltaire | 1694-1778 the most famous and most representative philosophe. He fought against legal injustice and unequal treatment beofre the law. He often challenged the Catholic and Christian chruches. He was a deists. He supported religious toleration. | 19 | |
| 245504311 | Madame du Chatelet | 1706-1749 had a passion for science and was a close friend and influence of Voltaire. She published scientific articles and translations. | 20 | |
| 245504312 | Denis Diderot | Edited the Encylopedia: The Rational Dictoinary of the Sciences, the Arts, and the Crafts with help from d'Alembert. | 21 | |
| 245504313 | Baron Paul D'Holbach | 1723-1789 wrote System of Nature in 1770 that stated that humans are machines completely controlled by outside forces. He was an agressive atheist. | 22 | |
| 245504314 | David Hume | 1711-1776 was a skeptic and aurgued something similar to John Locke's proposal except he described humans as nothing but a bundle of impressions that originate from experience. | 23 | |
| 245504315 | the marquis de Condorcet | 1743-1794 saw the Enlightenment as a future utopia. He wrote about the nine stages in hi book Progress of the Human Mind published in 1793. The tenth stage was supposed to bring perfection. He wrote while fleeing for his life and he killed himself rather than be killed by the guillotine. | 24 | |
| 245504316 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | 1712-1778 was passionately commited to individual freedom. He believed in the basic good nature of man. He wrote the Social Contract in 1762 which gave rise to two main concepts: the general will and popular sovereignty. | 25 | |
| 245504317 | Immanuel Kant | 1724-1804 supported freedom of press and saw it as a way to spread the Enlightenment. | 26 | |
| 245504318 | salons | private gatherings in drawing rooms where unconsored converations about literature, science and mathematics took place, presided over by a statley woman of the house. | 27 | |
| 245504319 | Madame Geoffrin | presided over a very famous salon and funded the Encylopedia. | 28 | |
| 245504320 | War of Austrian Succession | 1740-1748 | 29 |
