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| 1697686190 | Four dynasties of the Persian Empire | Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sassanids |  | 0 |
| 1697686191 | Cyrus | Achaemenid leader - great military strategist laid foundation for empire |  | 1 |
| 1697686192 | Aryans | Achaemenid distant cousin |  | 2 |
| 1697686193 | Achaemenid Society | pastoralists with limited agriculture clans with recognized leaders |  | 3 |
| 1697686194 | Darius | greatest Achaemenid emperor important administrator |  | 4 |
| 1697686195 | Persepolis | capital of Persian empire that became its nerve center |  | 5 |
| 1697686212 | satrapies | 23 Persian provinces | 6 | |
| 1697686196 | satraps | Persian governors |  | 7 |
| 1697686197 | Persian Royal Road | made travel easier for officials and set up stations for runners to deliver messages as well as a courier service |  | 8 |
| 1697686198 | qanat | underground canals |  | 9 |
| 1697686199 | Xerxes | experienced difficulties between rulers and subjects harshly repressed rebellions and had a reputation for cruelty |  | 10 |
| 1697686213 | Persian Wars | Greco-Persian wars that lasted for 150 years Battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, etc. | 11 | |
| 1697686200 | Alexander of Macedon | greatest military strategist of the ancient world |  | 12 |
| 1697686201 | Seleucus | leader of the Seleucid empire formerly in Alexander's army |  | 13 |
| 1697686202 | Seleucids | retained Achaemenid systems and expanded empire BUT satraps often revolted |  | 14 |
| 1697686203 | Parthians | retained central Asian customs and so they had no centralized government but rather a federation of leaders (skillful warriors) heavy cavalry |  | 15 |
| 1697686204 | cavalry | A unit of soldiers who ride horses |  | 16 |
| 1697686205 | Sassanids | claimed direct descent from Achaemenids officially sponsored Zoroastrianism |  | 17 |
| 1697686214 | Shapur I | stabilized western front with a series of buffer states |  | 18 |
| 1697686216 | Slaves | POWs or victims of debt | 19 | |
| 1697686206 | Zarathustra | first prophet/ "inventor" of Zoroastrianism |  | 20 |
| 1697686207 | Zoroastrian influenced religions | Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Manichaeism |  | 21 |
| 1697686208 | Ahura Mazda | Zoroastrian supreme god |  | 22 |
| 1697686209 | magi | Zoroastrian priests |  | 23 |
| 1697686210 | Angra Mainyu | destructive hostile spirit- Satan equivalent |  | 24 |
| 1697686218 | Darius and religion | preferred Zoroastrian faith but tolerated all religions- claimed divine sanction- sizable priesthood | 25 | |
| 1697686211 | Zoroastrian influences | omnipotent and beneficial deity vs purely evil being good will prevail high morals for judgement day |  | 26 |
