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Traditions and Encounters Chapter 29 Flashcards

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143693036John LockeEnglish philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.0
143693037popular soverignitypeople are the source of any and all gov. power, and gov. can exist only with the consent of the governed1
143693038enlightenmentAn intellectual movement concentrated in France during the 1700's developed rational laws to describe social behavior and applied their findings in support of human rights and liberal economic theories.2
143693039Decleration of IndependenceA U.S. document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, during the Revolutionary War, to announce the separation of the American colonies from Britain. Written predominately by Thomas Jefferson, it asserted "that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.3
143693040American RevolutionThis political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.4
143693041French Revolutionthe revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.5
143693042The Estates GeneralFrance's Legislative body that met infrequently and was overall weak; Represented the different classes; convened for 175 years; all branches were equal6
143693043National AssemblyFrench Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. (p. 585)7
143693044Napoleon BonoparteFrench general who became emperor of the French (1769-18218
143693045Napoleonic Codethis code preserved most of the gains of the revolution by recognizing the principle of the equality of all citizens before the law, and ect.9
143693046St. Domingueformer French Caribbean colony and site of a slave rebellion in 1791, which embroiled English and French forces until 1804, when St. Domingue was declared the independent nation of Haiti.10
143693047Toussaint Louverturewas an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.11
143693048Simon BolivarThe most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.12
143693049conservatismideology where society is viewed as an organism that changes slowly over time.13
143693050liberalismA political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, constitutions, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.14
143693051Edmund Burkefather of modern conservatism. noted for his emphasis on tradition. condemned the radical or revolutionary change, but admitted that there was a need for gradual change at the will of the people.15
143693052cultural nationalismprocess of protecting either formally or informally the primacy of a certain cultural system against influences from another culture16
143693053Congress of ViennaMeeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon17
143693054political nationalismA sovereign state representing a people—Those speaking the same language, sharing traditions and customs18
143693055nationalismthe unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols19
143693056anti-semitismpolicies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews20
143693057zionisma policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine21

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