5th edition Bently
An Age on Anxiety
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| 1321574143 | Gertrude Stein | American writer, catalyst in development of modern art and literature. "Lost Generation" | 1 | |
| 1321574144 | "Lost Generation" | Term used to describe pessimism of U.S. and European thinkers after the war | 2 | |
| 1321574145 | Ernest Hemingway | American novelist, Short-story writer, journalist Wrote: The sun also rises; a generation that lost its moral grounding during the war | 3 | |
| 1321574146 | Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (F. Scott Fitzgerald) | Irish American novelist and short story writer Wrote "The Great Gatsby"; reflected a generation that had lost its moral grounding during that war | 4 | |
| 1321574147 | Thomas Stearns Eliot (T.S. Eliot) | American poet, dramatist and literary critic Wrote poem "The Wasteland" expressed negative outlook by describing a world without faith, where morals and spiritual values can't be restored | 5 | |
| 1321574148 | Franz Kafka | Middle class Jew, one of the major German-language fiction writers Used surrealism in his work:brings conscious and unconscious idea together to portray life in a dreamlike way. | 6 | |
| 1321574149 | Albert Einstein (1879-1955) | Theory of Special Relativity Neither time nor space absolute values, vary with observer | 7 | |
| 1321574150 | Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) | -The Uncertainty Principle: Impossible to state the position and velocity of a subatomic particle at same time -Atomic universe indeterminate; can only speak of probabilities -Challenged long-held assumptions about truth, cause and effect | 8 | |
| 1321574151 | Sigmund Frued (1856-1939) | -Sought psychological causes of mental illness -Conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes -Repression of sexual desires, fears. | 9 | |
| 1321574152 | Realism in art | Replaced by photography, abstract is promoted more | 10 | |
| 1321649111 | Bauhaus | An institution that brought together architects, designers, and painters from several countries. Bauhaus created a building style and interior designs that were uniquely suited to the urban and industrial landscape of the twentieth century. | 11 | |
| 1321649112 | Initial weaknesses of the Global economy prior to the Great Depression | Tangled financial relationships (Card #13) Leanders withdrew capital (money) from Europe; financial system strained Reduced demands for raw materials | 12 | |
| 1321574153 | European origins of the Great Depression | Austria/Germany borrow money from USA to pay war debts to France and England France, England pay debts owed to USA for WWI System dependent on flow of cash from USA Investors begin to pull out in 1928 | 13 | |
| 1321574154 | 3 Main Reasons for The Depression | 1. Less demand for raw materials 2. Overproduction of manufactured goods 3. The stock market crash | 14 | |
| 1321574155 | Effects of the Great Depression | Businesses closed, major unemployment. Extreme ideas began to gain value, faith in democracy and capitalism. Totalitarian dictatorships were created from severe economic problems | 15 | |
| 1321574156 | Agricultural Effects During the Great Depression | Overproduction from strongest harvests, farm income drops, less demand for manufactured goods, inventory surpluses Dust bowl | 16 | |
| 1321574157 | Black Thursday (October 24, 1929)/ Stock market crash of 1929 | Day when lenders called in loans, forcing investors to keep selling, resulting in investors losing life savings. | 17 | |
| 1321574158 | Economic Collapse in US | -Overproduction and reduced demand -businesses fail -1932 production dropped by 1/2 -44% of banks closed | 18 | |
| 1321649113 | Repercussions of the Great Depression Globally | Germany and Japan unable to sell manufactured goods to purchase fuel and food Germany by 1932: 35 percent unemployment, 50 percent decrease in industrial production European industrial states and Japan unable to sell to United States because of tariffs | 19 | |
| 1321574159 | US Strategies to Resolve the Great Depression | Laissez-Faire approaches fail The New Deal of Franklin Delano Roosevelt WWII Spending | 20 | |
| 1321649114 | Despair and Government action included...? | Government policies to reduce female employment and enormous personal suffering | 21 | |
| 1321649115 | John M. Keynes | Challenged classical economic theory: Capitalism self-correcting. Argued that the depression was a problem of inadequate demand, not supply Government should play active role in stimulating economy, consumer demand | 22 | |
| 1321649116 | The New Deal | Created by Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). The New Deal included protected banking system, massive pbulic works, farm subsides. Legislation established minimum wage, social security, worker's union. Military spending in WWII ended depression in US | 23 | |
| 1321574160 | Vladimir Lenin | Founder of Bolshevism A Marxist, his version of marxist formed the basis of communism | 24 | |
| 1321574161 | Soviet | Council of workers and soldiers in Russian cities | 25 | |
| 1321574162 | Bolshevik Revolution 1917 | Soviets take over, Disband of constituent assembly | 26 | |
| 1321574163 | Red Army | Communist forces Boldsheviks, defeated the white in 1921 | 27 | |
| 1321574164 | The Whites | Czar's supporters/Anticommunist, defeated in 1921 by the communists | 28 | |
| 1321574165 | Lenin's "Change" | Revolution led to economic catastrophe whish in 1921 led to Lenin adopting the New Economic Policy. 1922 the communist renamed the land they ruled USSR/ Soviet Union/ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 29 | |
| 1321574166 | The New Economic Policy (NEP) | Plan Lenin used to fix economic catastrophe caused be revolution in 1921. Government controlled banks, large industry, and foreign trade. Ultimately restored market economy Promotion of Agriculture Promoution of Industry "Kulaks" and Speculation | 30 | |
| 1321574167 | Jospeh Stalin (1879-1953) | "Man of Steel" Russian nationalist by conviction. Favored "Socialism in on country" not "international socialism" Leader of the Communist party after Lenin's death in 1924. Emerged as the leader by arguing after socialism succeeded in Soviet Union. Leads Soviet Union by 1928 Established a command economy in which government officials made all basic decisions. Owned all factories, businesses and farms. Launched 5 year plan of industrialization | 31 | |
| 1321656947 | Five Year Plan (1928-1932) | Replaced Lenin's New Economic Policy. Set production quotas, central state planning of entire economy Emphasized heavy industry at expense of consumer goods | 32 | |
| 1321665650 | The Great Purge (1935-1938) | Collectivization led to doubts about Stalin's administration Purged two-third of central committe members and more than half of the army's high-ranks 8million were in labor camps, 3million died during "cleansing" | 33 | |
| 1321574168 | Facism Definition | the rule of a people by dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic. | 34 | |
| 1321574169 | Common elements of Facism | 1. Primacy of state over individual 2. Distrust of democracy: the Führerprinzip 3. Hostility to Communism 4. Chauvinistic 5. Militaristic | 35 | |
| 1321574170 | Facism includes: | -Censorship and Government control of News -Extreme Nationalism -State control of economy -Strict Discipline -Rule by Dictator -Blind loyalty to leader -Use of violence and terror -Strong military | 36 | |
| 1321574171 | Il Duce | "The Leader" | 37 | |
| 1321574172 | Benito Mussolini | Founder of Italian fascism (1919) Extreme nationalist, organized his own political party known at doctrine fascism | 38 | |
| 1321574173 | Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) | 1921 becomes Chairman of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) Attempts to overthrow government in 1923 Hated Jws and Marxists, Joined National Socialist German Workers Party 1921 | 39 | |
| 1321574174 | Nazi Party | Promises to protect germany from communism Party is extremely nationalistic, and anti-Semitic, attracting support from wealthy business leaders and landowners. | 40 | |
| 1323255398 | Struggle for power after 1929 | National socialism enjoyed broad appeal Public lost faith in democracy: associated with defeat, depression, inflation 1930-1932, Nazi party became the largest in parliament 1932, President Hindenburg offered Hitler the chancellorship | 41 | |
| 1323255399 | Nazi Ideology | Emphasized purity of race Women praised as wives and mothers, were discouraged from working. Cult of motherhood: propaganda campaign to increase births was unsuccessful | 42 | |
| 1323255400 | Nazi Eugenics | Deliberate policies to improve the quality of the German "race" Removal of undesirables such as mentally ill, disabled State-sponsored euthanasia of physically and mentally handicapped | 43 | |
| 1323255401 | Anti-Semitism central to Nazi ideology | 1935, Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of citizenship, outlawed intermarriage Jews economically isolated, lost jobs, assets, businesses 1938, Kristallnacht: official attacks on synagogues and Jewish businesses 250,000 Jews fled to other countries; many others trapped | 44 | |
| 1321574175 | The Third Reich | What Hitler began to refer to his rule as. Claimed to last 1,000 years | 45 |
