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| 2229242392 | what were the motives for exploration? | the search for land to grow cash crops, finding new trade routes to Asia, & spreading Christianity | 0 | |
| 2229242393 | what did the Portuguese discover in the Atlantic? | the undiscovered Azores and Madeira islands | 1 | |
| 2229242394 | where did the Portuguese set up sugar plantations? | Atlantic islands including São Tomé, principe, and Fernando Po | 2 | |
| 2229242395 | how did trade motivate overseas voyages? | Europeans wanted to cut out the Muslim and Italian middlemen who controlled trade routes and charged high prices | 3 | |
| 2229242396 | Volta do mar | how Mariners used the ocean currents that blew in different directions to sail more safely and quickly | 4 | |
| 2229242397 | who conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored Atlantic voyages down the west African coast? | prince Henry | 5 | |
| 2229242398 | the first European to round the tip of Africa | bartolomeu Dias | 6 | |
| 2229242399 | who sailed around Africa to India, causing Portugal to have trading posts in India and around the Indian Ocean basin | vasco de gama | 7 | |
| 2229242400 | the first European to see the pacific | Spain's vasco de balboa | 8 | |
| 2229242401 | Ferdinand Magellan | his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe | 9 | |
| 2229242402 | English navigators explored the pacific in search of the... | northwest passage | 10 | |
| 2229242403 | who greatly increased knowledge of the pacific | James cook | 11 | |
| 2229242404 | the trading post empire of the Portuguese featured such things as... | slave trading in w Africa, attempts to control gold trade in s Africa, controlling access to the Persian gulf, controlling the pepper trade in Indian trying to control the Indonesian spice trade, & trying to force merchants to purchase safe conduct passages | 12 | |
| 2229242405 | how would the English and Dutch become trade leaders in the east? | by forming joint-stock companies names the Eangling east India co. and the United east India co. | 13 | |
| 2229242406 | why did the French and English compete for control in India? | bc trade in Indian cotton and Ceylon tea became important | 14 | |
| 2229242407 | why was the seven years war called a global war? | there was fighting in Europe, India, the Caribbean, & n America, Britain would force France out of India, take Canada from France and Florida from Spain | 15 | |
| 2229242408 | another name for the seven years war | great war for empire | 16 | |
| 2229242409 | consequences of the spread of disease w the columbian exchange | spread of smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, and influenza, sharp demographic losses for ppl of Americas and Pacific islands, death of 90% of Aztec population, death of 100 million ppl in the Americans and pacific | 17 | |
| 2229242410 | where did the reformation start | the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) | 18 | |
| 2229242411 | who founded the Church of England | Henry VIII | 19 | |
| 2229242412 | how did church leaders try to halt the spread of Protestantism? | reaffirming their beliefs, returning a sense of spirituality to the church, demanding strict morality from the clergy, winning Protestants back to the Catholic Church | 20 | |
| 2229242413 | what happened during the council of Trent | catholic leaders tried to reform clerical behaviors, and set up seminaries and schools to better train priests | 21 | |
| 2229242414 | what was the purpose of the society of Jesus? | worked to win Protestants back into the Catholic Church; some of the first Christian missionaries to go to Asia and the Americas (founder: ignatius loyola. priest in the society would be called a Jesuit) | 22 | |
| 2229242415 | demographics of the deaths from the witch hunts in Europe | 111,000 were tried, 60,000 killed, 95% of them were women | 23 | |
| 2229242416 | what was the most devastating war of religion | the 30 years war (last religious conflict of the reformation) | 24 | |
| 2229242417 | what family dominated the position of holy roman emperor and ruled Austria until WW1 | Habsburg | 25 | |
| 2229242418 | how would the "new monarchs" of countries such as England, France, and Spain add to their power? | by levying taxes to pay for administrators, confiscating monasteries in Protestant countries, maintaining standing armies | 26 | |
| 2229242419 | where would constitutional states emerge? | England and the Netherlands; in both countries the middle class was powerful and influential | 27 | |
| 2229242420 | "divine right" | Monarchs got their right to rule from God, so their power couldn't be challenged caused the emergence of absolute monarchy | 28 | |
| 2229242421 | Louis XIV | regarded as the best example of an absolute monarch; belonged to the bourbon dynasty | 29 | |
| 2229242422 | 2 important rulers of the Romanov (Russian) | Peter the great & Catherine the great | 30 | |
| 2229242423 | what was a chief goal of European politics | maintaining a balance of power | 31 | |
| 2229242424 | economies | boomed in w Europe, slower in Russia and Poland | 32 | |
| 2229242425 | why did population grow in Europe? | new foods from the columbian exchange and a slowdown in plague outbreaks | 33 | |
| 2229242426 | how did capitalists transform Europe? | developed banking, insurance cos., joint stock cos., global trading posts, putting out system, protoindustrialization | 34 | |
| 2229242427 | social changes that took place in early capitalist society | peasants saw standard of living rise, Russian peasants pushed into serfdom, nuclear families becomes more important | 35 | |
| 2229242428 | geocentric/Ptolemaic theory | earth is stationary, stars and planets moves around the earth | 36 | |
| 2229242429 | who greatly supported the geocentric theory? | the Catholic Church bc it corresponded w its teachings | 37 | |
| 2229242430 | Copernicus | earth moves around the sun | 38 | |
| 2229242431 | Johannes Kepler | planets move in ellipses | 39 | |
| 2229242432 | Galileo | built a telescope; supported the heliocentric theory | 40 | |
| 2229242433 | Isaac Newton | developed laws of gravity, invented calculus to prove theories | 41 | |
| 2229242434 | what subjects did Europeans make advances in? | chemistry, biology, and botany | 42 | |
| 2229242435 | the enlightenment | historians, philosophers, & economists sought to use principles of science to transform human society by subjecting the world to rational analysis | 43 | |
| 2229242436 | this person worked to discover natural laws of politics, saying that sovereignty resided w the people rather than the state or its ruler | John Locke | 44 | |
| 2229242437 | Adam smith | maintained that the laws of supply and demand should determine what happens in the marketplace | 45 | |
| 2229242438 | baron de Montesquieu | made a science of politics, developed principles of gov that he believed would foster political liberty in society, taught that gov should be divided into 3 branches | 46 | |
| 2229242439 | center of the enlightenment | France | 47 | |
| 2229242440 | Francois-Marie arouet (Voltaire) | the single most important figure of the enlightenment; condemned French monarchy & the Catholic Church as sources of oppression | 48 | |
| 2229242441 | religious beliefs of most philosophers | they were deists who rejected Christian teachings as superstition, but believed in a God who set the world in motion and developed the natural laws that governed it | 49 | |
| 2229242442 | philosophers put their faith in... | reason | 50 | |
| 2229242443 | social impact of the enlightenment | weakened the influence of organized religion, encourages rational study of society and politics, encourages the belief that science and reason could solve human problems & promote progress | 51 | |
| 2229242444 | encomienda | Spanish granted this to settlers that gave them the right to force the natives to work for them as long as they took care of them and converted them to Christianity | 52 | |
| 2229242445 | why did the Taino die out? | spallpox and abuse | 53 | |
| 2229242446 | Herman Cortes | led the conquest of the Aztecs of Mexico for Spain | 54 | |
| 2229242447 | Francisco Pizarro | conquered the incas of s America for Spain | 55 | |
| 2229242448 | treaty of tordesillas | gave the Portuguese the right to claim Brazil | 56 | |
| 2229242449 | where did Spain have headquarters? | in Mexico and Peru, the colonies were governed by viceroys who were reviewed by audiencias | 57 | |
| 2229242450 | criollos | whites who were born in the new world to Spanish parents, resented the power of the peninsulares | 58 | |
| 2229242451 | peninsulares | whites who were born in Spain, dominated power and gov | 59 | |
| 2229242452 | people of color in Spain's colonies | mestizos- one NA & one white parent Zambos- one African & one Indian parent Africans natives Mulattos- one African one white parent | 60 | |
| 2229242453 | what was the basis of wealth in the Spanish colonies? | silver | 61 | |
| 2229242454 | 2 main places Spanish found their silver | Zacatecas and potosi | 62 | |
| 2229242455 | one fifth of all silver mines when to the Spanish treasury. this was known as... | the quinto | 63 | |
| 2229242456 | Manila galleons | Philippines > Mexico > Spain | 64 | |
| 2229242457 | haciendas | huge estates, the main sites of farming activity | 65 | |
| 2229242458 | debt peonage | would eventually replace the encomienda system as a source of labor | 66 | |
| 2229242459 | basis of wealth in Brazil | sugar production | 67 | |
| 2229242460 | difference between sources of labor in Spanish and Portuguese colonies | Spain commanded native labor Portugal relied on slave labor from Africa | 68 | |
| 2229242461 | engenho | sugar plantation | 69 | |
| 2229242462 | differences between French & English and Iberian colonies | French and English created settlement colonies where ppl had more self gov, less intermarriage bc sex ratios were more equal, did not encounter large scale empires | 70 | |
| 2229242463 | what law did Virginia pass | a law saying all blacks would be slaves | 71 | |
| 2229242464 | difference between Spanish & English missionaries | Spain- forced natives to convert English- did not try to convert natives to Christianity | 72 | |
| 2229242465 | how would the native people of the pacific be decimated? | disease | 73 | |
| 2229242466 | who did the Songhay empire expand under? | Sunni Ali | 74 | |
| 2229242467 | who did the Songhay fall to? | a musket armed Moroccan army | 75 | |
| 2229242468 | queen nzinga | resisted the Portuguese slave trade for 40 years | 76 | |
| 2229242469 | ndongo | after queen nzingas death, the Portuguese took over ndongo making it the first European colony in sub Saharan Africa | 77 | |
| 2229242470 | who set up tradin posts in s Africa in 1652 | the Dutch | 78 | |
| 2229242471 | what would lead to the evolution of the country of s Africa? | after 1700 settlers would arrive creating farms | 79 | |
| 2229242472 | Fulani | strict Muslims | 80 | |
| 2229242473 | the Antonian movement | taught Christ was black and Kongo was the true holy land | 81 | |
| 2229242474 | who started the Atlantic slave trade? | Portugal | 82 | |
| 2229242475 | who was involved in the triangle trade | Africa, Europe, and the Americas. the middle passage was the most brutal part of this trade network | 83 | |
| 2229242476 | what was a result of the Atlantic slave trade? | Africans would be scattered throughout north and South America | 84 | |
| 2229242477 | Africans in w hemisphere created what kind of languages | creole | 85 | |
| 2229242478 | the American and French revolutions | encouraged ideas of equality | 86 | |
| 2229242479 | when was the slave trade abolished? | the early 1800s | 87 | |
| 2229242480 | the Ming dynasty | founded by hongwu. restored Chinese cultural traditions and Confucian trained bureaucrats. moved the capital to Beijing & restored the Great Wall. | 88 | |
| 2229242481 | emperor yongle | sponsored the treasure ship expeditions | 89 | |
| 2229242482 | why did the Ming dynasty fall? | emperors isolated themselves, relied on eunuchs, & couldn't deal w famine and peasant uprisings | 90 | |
| 2229242483 | the Qing dynasty | last dynasty to rule China. although not Chinese, respected Chinese culture | 91 | |
| 2229242484 | why did the Qing dynasty fall? | it fell after a century of turmoil, military defeats & foreign domination | 92 | |
| 2229242485 | what was the emperor known as in China? | the son of heaven; written name was considered taboo | 93 | |
| 2229242486 | Matteo Ricci | an Italian Jesuit who tried to establish Christians but had limited success bc it is an exclusive faith. Jesuit efforts to synthesize Confucianism and Christianity were condemned by the Catholic Church | 94 | |
| 2229242487 | who gave Europe first hand news of China for the first time since the days of Marco Polo? | Jesuits | 95 | |
| 2229242488 | how did ruling elites get their income? | from rice. but many became indebted to rice brokers | 96 | |
| 2229242489 | ukiyo (floating worlds) | catered to the masses, they were city sections w theaters, teahouses, brothels, & public baths | 97 | |
| 2229242490 | France's Xavier | a Jesuit who took Christianity to Japan in 1549 | 98 | |
| 2229242491 | Dutch learning | had great impact on Japan; European linear perspective, astronomy, and medicine would spread into Japan | 99 | |
| 2229242364 | the Ottoman Empire | founded by Oman bey took territory from the Byzantine empire seizing the city of bursa and moving into the Balkans at its height under suleiman the magnificent under Selim the grim Syria and Egypt were taken | 100 | |
| 2229242365 | the Safavid empire | centered in Persia founded by shah ismail who enforced twelves Shiism & his followers were called qizilbash sunni v Shiite conflict led to clash between Safavid and ottoman empires shah Abbas the great modernized military, built a new capital at Isfahan, and centralized authority | 101 | |
| 2229242366 | the Mughal empire | centered in India founded by Babur Akbar created an absolute central gov, expanded the empire & encouraged tolerance between Islam and Hinduism & developed a belief system called the divine faith | 102 | |
| 2229242367 | similarities among the gunpowder empires | grew from military conquests, had steppe traditions, long distance trade | 103 | |
| 2229242368 | religion in Ottoman Empire | home to Jews and Christians who paid a tax and were protected. lived in communities called millets | 104 | |
| 2229242369 | religion in Safavid Persia | Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian minorities | 105 | |
| 2229242370 | what caused religious tensions in the empires | conservatism | 106 |
