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| 3342923302 | Vasco De Gama | the first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as the Atlantic and the Indian oceans entirely and definitively, and in this way, the West and the Orient. This was accomplished on his first voyage to India (1497-1499). | 0 | |
| 3342923318 | Canary Islands | a volcanic archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa, are among Spain's farthest-flung territories. These rugged islands are known for their black- and white-sand beaches, varied resorts and balmy climate. Tenerife, the largest island, is dominated by the sometimes-snowy peaks of volcanic Mt. Teide, part of a national park with its own astronomical observatory. | 1 | |
| 3342926590 | Sternpost rudder | a piece of the ship attached to the stern that increased the maneuverability of ships | 2 | |
| 3342933871 | Square sails | Sails shaped like squares to catch the wind more effectively | 3 | |
| 3342933872 | Astrolabe | a very ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky. Several types of astrolabes have been made. By far the most popular type is the planispheric astrolabe, on which the celestial sphere is projected onto the plane of the equator. | 4 | |
| 3342936029 | Ocean Currents | a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, the Coriolis effect, cabbeling, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon. | 5 | |
| 3342936045 | Volta Do Mar | a navigational technique perfected by Portuguese navigators during the Age of Discovery in the late fifteenth century, using the dependable phenomenon of the great permanent wind wheel, the North Atlantic Gyre. This was a major step in the history of navigation, when an understanding of winds in the age of sail was crucial to success: the European sea empires would never have been established had the Europeans not figured out how the trade winds worked. | 6 | |
| 3342939464 | Prince Henry of Portugal | a Portuguese royal prince, soldier, and patron of explorers. Henry sent many sailing expeditions down Africa's west coast, but did not go on them himself. Thanks to Prince Henry's patronage, Portuguese ships sailed to the Madeira Islands (Joao Goncalves Zarco, 1420), rounded Cape Bojador (Eannes, 1434), sailed to Cape Blanc (Nuno Tristao, 1441), sailed around Cap Vert (1455), and went as far as the Gambia River (Cadamosto, 1456) and Cape Palmas (Gomes, 1459-1460). | 7 | |
| 3342943353 | Bartolomeu Dias | a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so. | 8 | |
| 3342945096 | Christopher Columbus | an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. | 9 | |
| 3342945097 | Hemispheric Links | links between the hemispheres of the north, south, east, and west | 10 | |
| 3342949232 | Ferdinand Magellan | a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. | 11 | |
| 3342951690 | Portuguese Trading Posts | trading posts made by the Portuguese that links places such as africa and Europe to portugal | 12 | |
| 3342951691 | Captain James Cook | a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy | 13 | |
| 3342956241 | English East India Company | also known as the Honourable East India Company and informally as John Company was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to pursue trade with the East Indies, but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing China. | 14 | |
| 3342956242 | Manila | the capital of the Philippines, is a densely populated bayside city on the island of Luzon, which mixes Spanish colonial architecture with modern skyscrapers. Intramuros, a walled city in colonial times, is the heart of Old Manila. It's home to the baroque 16th-century San Agustin Church as well as Fort Santiago, a storied citadel and military prison. | 15 | |
| 3342957760 | Seven Years War | was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved most of the great powers of the time and affected Europe, North America, Central America, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered as the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th-century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, each led by Great Britain and France, respectively. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing power, France formed a grand coalition of her own. | 16 | |
| 3342961346 | Columbian Exchange | a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. | 17 | |
| 3342961347 | Manila Galleons | were Spanish trading ships that made round-trip sailing voyages once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean from the port of Acapulco in New Spain (present-day Mexico) to Manila in the Spanish East Indies, now the Philippines. The name of the galleon changed reflecting the city that the ship was sailing from.[1] The term Manila Galleons is also used to refer to the trade route between Acapulco and Manila, which lasted from 1565 to 1815. | 18 | |
| 3342966694 | San Salvador | the capital city of El Salvador, and the capital of the San Salvador department. It is the country's most populated municipality as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center. | 19 |
