Terms : Hide Images
| 61726118 | Ummayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca. | 0 | |
| 61726119 | Abbasid | The dynasty that came after the Umayyads. Devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts. | 1 | |
| 61726120 | Fatamids | moved trading center to cairo | 2 | |
| 61726121 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly | 3 | |
| 61726122 | ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community | 4 | |
| 61726123 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 5 | |
| 61726124 | Delhi Sultanate | A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital. | 6 | |
| 61726125 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. (p. 215) | 7 | |
| 61726126 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 8 | |
| 61726127 | Sundiata | the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes | 9 | |
| 61726128 | Mansa Musa | this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa | 10 | |
| 61726129 | dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists | 11 | |
| 61726130 | crusade | any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11-13th centuries when Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims | 12 | |
| 61726131 | caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 13 | |
| 61726132 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 14 | |
| 61726133 | free market economy | Capitalism, private ownership law of supply and demand | 15 | |
| 61726134 | Tenochititlan | the capital city of the Aztecs | 16 | |
| 61726135 | sahel | Belt south of the Sahara; literally 'coastland' in Arabic. | 17 | |
| 61726136 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 18 | |
| 61726137 | Axum | a town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth century A.D. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia | 19 | |
| 61726138 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. (p. 385) | 20 | |
| 61726139 | jong | (Afrikaans) a friend, often used in direct address | 21 | |
| 61726140 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 22 | |
| 61726141 | Song Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy | 23 | |
| 61726142 | Pax Mongolica | -Mongol Peace-used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create | 24 | |
| 61726143 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (p. 373) | 25 | |
| 61726144 | Temujin/Chinggis Khan | The Mongol leader who led the Mongols to take over the Chinese, Muslims, and some of the Europeans (this is the name he was born with, not the one he took). | 26 | |
| 61726145 | Black Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 27 | |
| 61726146 | Kublai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China | 28 | |
| 61726147 | Vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century. | 29 | |
| 61726148 | Leif Eriksson | The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast | 30 | |
| 61726149 | William the Conqueror | duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England | 31 | |
| 61726150 | Battle of Lepanto | Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims. | 32 | |
| 61726151 | guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 33 | |
| 61726152 | feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 34 |
