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| 5864857667 | Agricultural Revolution | The transition from forgaging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000-2000 BCE; also known as the Neolithic Revolution | 0 | |
| 5864857668 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedon (336-323), the son of Philip II. He was a pupil of Aristotle. After his succession he invaded Persia, liberating the Greek cities in Asia Minor, and then defeating the Persians in Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia. While in Egypt he founded Alexandria (332 BC), his first and best-known city. | 1 | |
| 5864857669 | Ancestor veneration | Ritual practice that is based on the belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, take an interest in the affairs of the world, and possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. | 2 | |
| 5864857670 | Aristocracy | Rule by a privileged hereditary class or nobility. | 3 | |
| 5864857671 | Aristotle | (384-322 BC) - Greek philosopher amd scientist. A pupil of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, in 335 BC he founded a school and library (the Lyceum) outside Athens. His surviving written works constitute a vast system of analysis, including logic, physical science, zoology, psychology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and rhetoric. He established the inductive method of reasoning and proposed a system for the classification of plants and animals. | 4 | |
| 5864857672 | Artisan | A craftsman. | 5 | |
| 5864857673 | Civilization | A cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping. | 6 | |
| 5864857674 | Chariot | Type of carriage developed by pastoralists using primarily horses to provide rapid mobile power. They were used in militaries as transport or mobile archery platforms, for hunting or for racing, and as a conveniently fast way to travel for many ancient peoples. The Hittites were the first to record their use. | 7 | |
| 5864857675 | Composite bow | Traditional bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together that originated among Asiatic pastoralists. | 8 | |
| 5864857676 | Cuneiform | A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge- shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay tablets. | 9 | |
| 5864857677 | Dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family | 10 | |
| 5864857678 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The great Sumerian/ Babylonian poetic work which pre-dates Homer's writing by 1500 years (written c. 2150-1400 BCE) and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic western literature. | 11 | |
| 5864857679 | Geocentric theory | The belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe | 12 | |
| 5864857680 | Hellenistic Age | The era (c. 323-30 BCE) in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great. | 13 | |
| 5864857681 | Hittites | An ancient Indo- European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 BC and exelled in the technology of war (chariot and iron weapons) | 14 | |
| 5864857682 | Independent Invention | The rare development of innovation or technology independent of cultural diffusion. | 15 | |
| 5864857683 | Indo-Europeans | A group of semi-nomadic peoples who, around 2000 BCE, began to migrate from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East. | 16 | |
| 5864857684 | Jati | One of the many sub-castes in the Hindu caste system. | 17 | |
| 5864857685 | Monsoon | In Asia, a seasonal wind that brings warm, moist air from the oceans in the summer and cooler, dry air from inland in winter. | 18 | |
| 5864857686 | Mandate of heaven | The concept developed by the Zhou dynasty that the deity granted a dynasty the right to rule and took away that right if the dynasty did not rule wisely. | 19 | |
| 5864857687 | Monasticism | The mode of life pertaining to persons living in seclusion from the world, under religious vows and subject to a fixed rule, as monks, friars, nuns, or in general as religious. Some Buddhists and Christians practice(d) a monastic life. | 20 | |
| 5864857688 | Mesoamerica | Region that includes Mexico and Central America. | 21 | |
| 5864857689 | Neolithic Age | Final stage of technological development or cultural evolution among prehistoric humans. It is characterized by the use of stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, the domestication of plants or animals, the establishment of permanent villages, and the practice of such crafts as pottery and weaving. | 22 | |
| 5864857690 | Nubia | Region along the Nile River located in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Home to some of Africa's earliest kingdoms it was known for rich deposits of gold. It was also the gateway through which luxury products like incense, ivory, and ebony traveled from their source in sub- Saharan Africa to the civilizations of Egypt and the Mediterranean. Their kings ultimately conquered and ruled Egypt for about a century. Their rulers also built cities, temples, and royal pyramids in Egypt and Sudan. | 23 | |
| 5864857691 | Pastoralism | The practice of herding as the primary economic activity of a society that emerged in parts of Africa and Eurasia. The peoples who practiced it domesticated animals which led to more reliable and abundant food supplies. They rarely accumulated large amounts of material possessions, but became an important conduit for technological change as they interacted with settled populations. | 24 | |
| 5864857692 | Bantu | Farmers and herders who migrated from central Africa to eastern and southern Africa some 3500 years ago. The spread of iron smelting technologies, farming, and their language is attributed to their migrations. | 25 | |
| 5864857693 | Patriarchal | Pertaining to a social system in which the father is the head of the family. | 26 | |
| 5864857694 | Achaemenid | Also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great. Its ceremonial capital was Persepolis. Its majestic audience halls and residential palaces perished in flames when Alexander the Great conquered and looted the city in 330 B.C. | 27 | |
| 5864857695 | Pax Romana | The Roman Peace; the period of prosperity and stability throughout the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E. | 28 | |
| 5864857696 | Paterfamilias | "Father of the family"- the head of Roman family life; the oldest living male who looked after the family's business affairs and property and could perform religious rites on their behalf; he had absolute rule over his household and children. If they angered him, he has the legal right to disown his children, sell them into slavery or even kill them. | 29 | |
| 5864857697 | Steppe | A dry grassland. | 30 | |
| 5864857698 | Slash and burn agriculture | Agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then use the ashes as fertilizer. | 31 | |
| 5864857699 | Specialization of labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work. | 32 | |
| 5864857700 | Surplus of food | Single most important factor that led to the rise of human civilization. Once humans adopted a sedentary existence through the production of crops and livestock and the surplus of food that eventually resulted, specialization and stratification in society began to occur. | 33 | |
| 5864857701 | Ziggurat | A multilayered pyramid constructed by Mesopotamians. | 34 |
