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| 15216651590 | leaching | removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards thought soil | 0 | |
| 15216651593 | Hydrologic Cycle Components | Evaporation. Transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration | 1 | |
| 15216651594 | aquifer | any water-bearing layer in the ground | 2 | |
| 15216651599 | Nitrogen Fixation | because atmospheric N can't be used directly by plants, it must first be converted into nitrates and ammonia by bacteria or lightning | 3 | |
| 15216651600 | Ammonification | Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia | 4 | |
| 15216651601 | Nitrification | ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO3-) | 5 | |
| 15216651603 | denitrification | bacteria convert ammonia back into N2 | 6 | |
| 15216651604 | phosphorus | does not exist as a gas released by weathering of phosphate rocks it is a major limiting factor for plant growth Ph. Cycle is SLOW. and nonatmospheric | 7 | |
| 15216651605 | photosynthesis | plants convert CO2 (atmospheric C) into complex carbohydrates - glucose | 8 | |
| 15216651607 | Largest reservoirs of Carbon | 1. carbonate rocks 2. oceans | 9 | |
| 15216651608 | biotic/abiotic | living and nonliving components of an ecosystem | 10 | |
| 15216651609 | producer/autotroph | organisms that make their own food---photosynthesis life | 11 | |
| 15216651610 | Trophic Levels | producers--> Primary consumer-->secondary consumer--> tertiary consumer | 12 | |
| 15216651611 | Energy Flow through Food WEbs | 10% of the usable enrgy is transferred to the next trophic level. REASON: usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is disgested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey | 13 | |
| 15216651614 | mutualism | symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit | 14 | |
| 15216651615 | commensalism | symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected | 15 | |
| 15216651616 | parasitism | relationship in which one organism (the parasite) obtains nutrients at the expense of the host | 16 | |
| 15216651617 | Carrying Capacity | the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area Thou shall not exceed thy Carrying Capacity | 17 | |
| 15216651633 | compostion of water on Earth | 97.5% seawater 2.5% freshwater | 18 | |
| 15216651652 | Effects of Global Warming | rising sea level (due to thermal expansion not melting ice) extreme weather, drought (famine) and extinctions | 19 | |
| 15216651661 | most endangered species | have a small range, require large territory or live on an island | 20 | |
| 15216651666 | Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs and impact | 21 | |
| 15216651688 | Biome | large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants and animals | 22 | |
| 15216651689 | tropical Rain Forests | chracterised by the greatest diversity of species, believed to include many undiscovered species. occur near the equator. soil tend to be low in nutrients. distinct seasonality. winter is absent, and only two seasons are present (rainy and dry) | 23 | |
| 15216651690 | Temperate Forests | occur in eastern N. America, Japan, NE Asia, and Western and central Europe. Dominated by tall deciduous trees. well-defined seasons include a distinct winter. logged extensively, only scattered remnants of original temperate forests remain | 24 | |
| 15216651691 | Boreal Forests Taiga | represent the largest terrestrial biome. dominated by needlelear, coniferous trees. found in the cold climates of Eurasia and M. AMerica: 2/3 in Siberia with the rest in Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada. Seasons are divided inro short, moist and moderately warm summers and lon, cold, and dry winters. Extensive logging may soon cause their disappearance | 25 | |
| 15216651692 | temperate shrub lands | occurs along the coast of Southern California, and the Mediterranean region. Chatacterized by areas of Chaparral-miniature woodlands dominated by dense stands of shrubs | 26 | |
| 15216651693 | Savannas | grassland with scattered individual tress. cover almost half the surfaceof Afrca and large areas of Australia, S. America and India. Warm or hot climates where the annual rainfall is 20-50 in. per year. the rainfall is concentrated in six or eight months of the year. followed by a long period of drought when fires can occur | 27 | |
| 15216651694 | temperate grasslands | dominated by grasses, tress and large shrubs are absent. Temperatures vary more from summer to winter, and the amount of rainfall is less than in savannas. Temperate grasslands have hot summers and cold wimters. Occur in S. Africa, Hungary, Argentina, the steppes of the former Soviet Union, and the plains and prairies of central N. America | 28 | |
| 15216651695 | Deserts | covers about 1/5 of the Earth's surface and occur where rainfall is less than 50 cm/year. most deserts occur at low latitudes, have a considerable amount of specialized vegetation, as well as specialized animals. Soils have abundant nutrienr, need only water to become productive, and have little or no organic matter. OCmmon disturbances include occasional fires or cold weather, and sudden infrequent but intendr rains that cause flooding | 29 | |
| 15216651696 | Tundra | treeless plaims that are the coldest of all the biomes. Occur in the arctic and Antarctica. Dominated by lichens, mosses, sedges, and dwarfed shrubs. Characterized bu extremely cold climate, permanently frozen ground (permafrost) low biotic diversity, simple vegetation structure, limitation of drainage, short season of growth and reproduction | 30 | |
| 15216651697 | Wetlands | areas of standing water that support aquatic plants including marshes, swamps, and bogs. species diverisity is very high | 31 | |
| 15216651698 | Fresh Water | defined as having a low salt concentration (less than 1%). Plants and animals are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration (i.e. ocean). There are different types of freshwater regions: pond nad lakes, streams and rivers, and estuaries. | 32 | |
| 15216651699 | Oceans | the largest of all the ecosystems. The ocean regions are separated into separted zones : intertidal, pelagic, abyssal and benthis. All four zones have a great diversity of species. | 33 | |
| 15216775601 | Transpiration | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant | 34 | |
| 15216775603 | Runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground | 35 | |
| 15216779247 | Infiltration | Downward movement of water through soil. | 36 | |
| 15216788771 | gross primary productivity | The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time | 37 | |
| 15216792613 | net primary productivity | The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire | 38 | |
| 15216799734 | Control | In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison | 39 | |
| 15216799735 | constant | A value that does not change for all samples of an experiment | 40 | |
| 15216821299 | photic zone | sunlight region near the surface of water | 41 | |
| 15216829955 | carbon sink | A natural environment that absorbs and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere | 42 | |
| 15216839876 | nitrogen sinks | atmosphere | 43 |
