veterans tribute Mr. Givler A.P. World History
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| 223633676 | Neolithic Age 8000-5000 BCE | time period when people used polished stone artifacts and were farmers | 0 | |
| 223633677 | Bands | social organizations used by hunter-gatherer societies with associations of families not exceeding 25-60 people | 1 | |
| 223633678 | Bronze Age 4000-1500 BCE | subdivision of prehistory based on technological advancements in which bronze metalwork was dev. in the Middle East | 2 | |
| 223633679 | Hunting and Gathering | preindustrial state in which people used a combo of hunting and gathering to get food | 3 | |
| 223633680 | Slash and Burn Agriculture | system of agriculture that allows farmers to grow grain in places it does not naturally grow. It involves cutting the forestation of an area which is burned for the purposes of using the ashes as fertilizer | 4 | |
| 223633681 | Nomads | people with no permanent home but who roam from place to place searching for pasture lands | 5 | |
| 223633682 | Babylonians 1800-1600 BCE | One of the Amorite kingdoms in Mesopatamia which dev. an empire centralized at the city-state of Babylon; collaspsed due to foriegn invasion. | 6 | |
| 223633683 | Ideographic | type of written communication in which symbols were used to rep. concepts; typical Chinese writing | 7 | |
| 223633684 | BCE CE AD | before common era common era ano domain | 8 | |
| 223665651 | Zhou Dynasty 1122-256 BCE | first of Chinese classical civilizations. It ruled through alliances with regional princes (was its ultimate downfall). It extended territory to Yangzi River and promoted standard Mandarin Chinese Lang. | 9 | |
| 223665652 | Qin Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty 221-202 BCE | this dynasty was characterized by the centralization of state rule that resulted in the elimination of local and regional political competitors. It expanded the boundaries of China to include Hong Kong. The Great Wall of China was built in this era. | 10 | |
| 223665653 | Shi Huangdi | China's first emperor who gave China its name. Under his brutal rule, Hong Kong was annexed and the Great Wall of China was built | 11 | |
| 223665654 | Han Dynasty 202 BCE - 220 CE | After the Qin Dynasty, this dynasty expanded China's possesions to include Korea, Indochina and central Asia. This era is generally characterized by stability, peace, and prosperity. Contemperary of and often compared to the Roman Empire. | 12 | |
| 223665655 | Wu Ti | Best known Han ruler. Supported Confucuanism in the state bureaucracy | 13 | |
| 223665656 | Mandarin | Official lang. of the Zhou Dynasty. Helped bring greater cultural unity to China. | 14 | |
| 223665657 | Dynasty | a time period in which a family rules through a succession of members | 15 | |
| 223665658 | Mandate of Heaven | Confucian idea in which a good ruler was thought to have a divine right to rule | 16 | |
| 223665659 | Era of Warring States 402-201 BCE | time period between Zhou and Qin Dyanasties in which regional rulers formed independent armies and reduced emperors to little more than figureheads | 17 | |
| 223665660 | Great Wall | stone wall extending across N. China, built during the Qin Dynasty as a defense against northern nomads. (protected silk road) | 18 | |
| 223665661 | Legalism | a philosophy created in the Zhou and was dominant in the Qin. It was rooted in the beliefs that laws should replace morality and a ruler must provide discipline to maintain order | 19 | |
| 223703718 | Mandarins | Educated bureaucrats who were one of the three main social groups of ancient China | 20 | |
| 223703719 | Mean People | general catagory of people identified as ancient China's lowest social group who performed unskilled labor | 21 | |
| 223703720 | Patriarchalism | Ideas that social organization should be ordered with the male as the head of the family and institutions | 22 | |
| 223703721 | Confucius aka Kung Fuzi c. 551-478 BCE | Chinese philosopher who wrote an elaborate political philosophy that became the core of China's cultural and political thinking for centuries. Those who adopted his teachings saw him not as a deity but as a master of ethics | 23 | |
| 223703722 | Daoism | a spiritual alt. to Confucianism that emphasized the harmony in nature and life. True understanding comes from withdrawing from the world and contemplating the life force | 24 | |
| 223703723 | Silk Road ( u should know this!!!! ) | The most famous of trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations. | 25 | |
| 223754703 | Alexander the Great | Greek invader who provided important contacts between India and Hellenistic culture | 26 | |
| 223754704 | Aryans | During the Vedic and Epic Ages these Indo-European migrants dev. the region's first epic stories, later written down in Sanskrit. Their ideas about social order influenced India's caste system | 27 | |
| 223754705 | Maurya Dynasty | First dynasty to unify much of the subcontinent; borrowed political examples from Persia and Alexander | 28 | |
| 223754706 | Ashoka | Greatest Mauryan ruler. Gained all but the Sountern tip of India through conquest. Converted to and greatly promoted Buddhism | 29 | |
| 223754707 | Gupta 320-535 CE | Empire that provided two centureis of political stability but was overturned by invading Huns | 30 | |
| 223754708 | Caste System | Social relationship dev. on a large scale uniquely in India. Five major castes regulated social status and work roles. Grew more complex over time into a multitude of subcastes. Governed society more than any political body | 31 | |
| 223754709 | Untouchables | lowest caste. It was widely held that any member of a higher caste that touched these people would be defiled. Held the most menial jobs but were not slaves | 32 | |
| 223754710 | Hinduism | The religion of India's majority; dev. in Vedic and Epic ages. Has no single founder or holy figure, unlike all other major religions | 33 | |
| 223754711 | Sanskrit | the first literary lang. of India; introduced by the Aryans. Under the Guptas, it became the lang. of educated people but never became the universal lang. of India. Was the lang. of the Vedas, the sacred books of early India | 34 | |
| 223754712 | Upanishads | The Epic Age saw the creation of these poems with mystical themes. From these, the Hindu ideas of divine forces informing the universe dev. | 35 | |
| 223754713 | Dharma | A hindu concept that was a guide to living in this world and at the same time pursuing spiritual goals. However, it was less prescriptive than other world religions' codes. Hindu avoidence of a fixed moral rule is why it allowed for more diversity than most religions. | 36 | |
| 223754714 | Vishnu and Shiva | two important gods in the enormous Hindu pantheon. V- preserver S- destroyer | 37 | |
| 223754715 | Buddhism | The Indian prince Gautama beame the Buddah or "enlightened one" when he questioned the poverty and misery he saw. Generally seen as a reform movement out of Hinduism. Buddhism had its greatest effect outside of India, esp. in SE Asia | 38 | |
| 223797073 | Panchatantra | A collection of stories produced during the Gupta era, including "Sinbad the Sailor" and "Jack and the Giant". Best known Indian stories around the world. | 39 | |
| 223797074 | Tamils | S Indians who traded cotton, silks, and many other materials with the Middle East and Rome. Reflected the strong merchant spirit in classical India | 40 | |
| 223797075 | Buddha 563-483 BCE | Creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in the 6th century BCE as son of a local ruler among Aryan tribes located near the Himalayas; became an ascetic; found that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things. | 41 | |
| 223797076 | Himalayas | Mountain system os south-central Asia which divides India from Asia, leaving India to dev. in relative cultural isolation. | 42 | |
| 223797077 | Vedas | Meaning hymns to the gods; four ancient books of Aryan religious traditions in which can be found the origins of Hinduism | 43 | |
| 223797078 | Mahabharata and Ramayana | Aryan epic poems composed in Sankrit which include myths, legands, philosophy, and moral stories. | 44 | |
| 223797079 | Varnas | Aryan social classes | 45 | |
| 223797080 | Jati | Subgroups of castes, each with distinctive occupations and tied to their social stations by birth | 46 | |
| 223797081 | Indra | Aryan god of thunder and streangth | 47 | |
| 223797082 | Chandragupta Maurya 322-298 BCE | ruler of a small Ganges Valley state who defeated the Greeks in the area and made himself king in 322 BCE. He then created and enlarged the Mauryan Empire. | 48 | |
| 223797083 | Kushans c 100 BCE | invaders of India who were gradually absorbed into Indian culture and became the Kshatriya caste | 49 | |
| 223797084 | Kautilya | Chief minister of Chandragupta Mauyra who wrote the book Arthashastra, which gave advice on how to gain power and use it through means as long as the ruler pleases his subjects | 50 | |
| 223797085 | Gurus | Hindu mystics who gathered disciples around themselves | 51 | |
| 223797086 | Brahma | Hindu idea that a basic holy essence formed part of everything in the world | 52 | |
| 223797087 | Reincarnation | Hindu idea in which souls do not die with the the body but are rather passed into other beings, either human or animal. Where the soul goes depends on how good a life that person has led | 53 | |
| 223797088 | Yoga | Hindu practice of mediation and self-discipline which has the goal to free the mind to concentrate on the divine spirit | 54 | |
| 223797089 | Bhagavad Gita | Hindu sacred hymn which details the story of Arjuna, a warrior, who struggles with the decision of whether to go to battle against his family | 55 | |
| 223797090 | Nirvana | Buddist idea which literally means a world beyond existence itself. It is the ultimate goal of the reincarnation cycle | 56 | |
| 223797091 | Kamasutra | a manual of the "laws of love" written in the 4th century CE, which discusses relationships between men and women | 57 | |
| 223797092 | Stupas | spherical shrines to Buddha | 58 |
