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| 213622651 | Prehistory | the time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written word | 0 | |
| 213622652 | Civilizations | a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and arts and architecture | 1 | |
| 213622653 | Clans | groups of related families that have a common identity and a real or legendary common ancestor | 2 | |
| 213622654 | Foraging | collecting food that is available in nature, by gathering, fishing, or hunting | 3 | |
| 213622655 | Neolithic Revlolution | The switch from Foraging to farming. Happened over many years. Enabled permanent settelments | 4 | |
| 213622656 | Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 5 | |
| 213622657 | Patrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father | 6 | |
| 213622658 | Matrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother | 7 | |
| 213622659 | Slash and Burn | a farming method involving the cutting of trees, then burning them to provide ash-enriched soil for the planting of crops | 8 | |
| 213622660 | Cultural DIffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 9 | |
| 213622661 | Specialized Labor | Urban people developed so many crafts that a single person could not master all the skills needed to make tools, weapons or other goods. For the first time, people began to specialize in certain jobs such as artisans and bricklayers. | 10 | |
| 213622662 | Metallurgy | the art or science of extracting a metal from ores, as by smelting. First metal was copper in china. | 11 | |
| 213622663 | Fertile Cresent | Name given to crescent-shaped area of fertile land strecheding from the lower Nile valley, along the east Mediterranean coast, and into Syria and present day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began about 8000 B.C | 12 | |
| 213622664 | Gilgamesh | the epic story of the king, Gilgamesh, who searched for immortality. This is a Sumerian legend and is believed to be the first story | 13 | |
| 213622665 | Hammurabi's law code | based on Sumerian law, the Code of Hammurabi allowed all people to see the laws of the empire. Worked on the basis of "an eye for an eye" and covered all aspects of society. | 14 | |
| 213622666 | Egyptian Book of the Dead | common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary texts. Constituted a collection of spells, charms, passwords, numbers and magical formulas for use by the deceased in the afterlife, describing many of the basic tenets of Egyptian mythology. They were intended to guide the dead through the various trials that they would encounter before reaching the underworld. Knowledge of the appropriate spells was considered essential to achieving happiness after death. | 15 | |
| 213622667 | Pyramid | Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom | 16 | |
| 213622668 | Hieroglyphics | an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 17 | |
| 213622669 | Indus Valley Civilization | civilization from 2600 BC-1900 BC; entire Indian subcontinent-peninsula; possibly had twin capitals called Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro; well organized government | 18 | |
| 213622670 | Xia | A legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist until relatively recently. Walled towns ruled by area-specific kings assembled armies, built cities, and worked bronze. Created pictograms which would evolve in to the first Chinese script. | 19 | |
| 213622671 | Shang | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of Shang culture. | 20 | |
| 213622672 | Qin | A people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.). The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and enslaved subjects. (163) | 21 | |
| 213622673 | Han | imperial dynasty that ruled China from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy, dynasty that overthrew the Qin, established centrralized government, civil service system, Silk Road | 22 | |
| 213622674 | Hittites | A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, the hittites vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria | 23 | |
| 213622675 | Assyrians | Known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire | 24 | |
| 213622676 | Persian Empire | Ancient Middle Eastern empire comprising modern day Iran. The Perisan Empire dominated the Middle East from the middle of the 6th century BCE to about the end of the 5th century BCE, Its greatest ruler was Dairus I. Persia was later conquered by Alexander the Great. | 25 | |
| 213622677 | Phoenicians | located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform | 26 | |
| 213622678 | Greek City-State | Polis, which was a small local organized government based on a single centered city with enough land for agriculture, slow evolution during ninth century BCE, war with Persian empire | 27 | |
| 213622679 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 28 | |
| 213622680 | Peloponnesian War | Conflict between Athenian And Spartan Alliances. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors/Persian $$$ | 29 | |
| 213622681 | Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world, died from fever in 30's | 30 | |
| 213622682 | Hellenism | The civilization that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics and architecture penetrated the Middle East. | 31 | |
| 213622683 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. He made enemies in government by revealing the ignorance of others. | 32 | |
| 213622684 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 33 | |
| 213622685 | Roman Republic | The ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC. was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar, lasted till Augustus | 34 | |
| 213622686 | Plebeians | the poorer majority of the roman empire; the working class; couldnt be part of government; could vote but not hold office; couldnt be in army | 35 | |
| 213622687 | Patricians | Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society | 36 | |
| 213622688 | Punic Wars | the three wars waged by Rome against Carthage, 264-241, 218-201, and 149-146 b.c., resulting in the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of its territory by Rome. | 37 | |
| 213622689 | Julius Ceaser | Roman general and one of the greatest military leaders in history; he conquered most of Gaul and was named dictator for life in Rome. He was later murdered by a group of senators who opposed his enlarged powers | 38 | |
| 213622690 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity, established by Augustus, later broken into east and west(Byzantine) | 39 | |
| 213622691 | Shi Huandi | A ruler from the western state of Qin united and subjugated the Warring States and formed China in 221 B.C. He declared himself the first emperor of China (his name literally means "First Emperor"). Also known for the Great Wall, Terra Cotta army and Legalism. | 40 | |
| 213622692 | Aryan Invasion of India | ... | 41 | |
| 213622693 | Daradivians | ... | 42 | |
| 213622694 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 43 | |
| 213622695 | Ashoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | 44 | |
| 213622696 | Constantinople | The capital of the eastern Roman Empire and later of the Byzantine Empire | 45 | |
| 213622697 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. | 46 | |
| 213622698 | Justianian | Expanded his power to the level of previous caesars, he ruled from 527 - 565, he authorized the Corpus Juiris Civilisis, bulit the Hagia Sophia, crushed the Nika Revolt, changed a law on marriage so that he could marry Theodora, who was an actress. | 47 | |
| 213622699 | Charlemange | king of the franks (768-814) founder of first empire in western Eroupe after the fall of Rome | 48 | |
| 213622700 | Allah | God of Islam | 49 | |
| 213622701 | Muhammad | the founder of the Islam religion; to Muslims, Muhammad is the ultimate and final prophet, Mecca, Merchant | 50 | |
| 213622702 | Tenets of Islam | 1. proffesion of faith(publicly showing faith) 2. prayer 5 times day facing mecca 3. chairty(giving to poor) 4.Haj-NOT REQUIRMENT- pillgramage to Mecca done once in a lifetime 5. Fastinsfast 1 month/year during rhamadon -1 meal at sundown during fast everynight | 51 | |
| 213622703 | Abbasid Dynasty | Muslim dynasty after Ummayd, a dynasty that lasted about two centuries that had about 150 years of Persia conquer and was created by Mohammad's youngest uncle's sons | 52 | |
| 213622704 | Caliphate | The Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. | 53 | |
| 213622705 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. | 54 | |
| 213622706 | Nubia | an ancient region in the Nile River Valley, on the site of present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan, trade | 55 | |
| 213622707 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. | 56 | |
| 213622708 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., the Olmec people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. GIANT HEADS (¬_¬) | 57 | |
| 213622709 | Maya | a family of American Indian languages spoken by Mayan peoples | 58 | |
| 213622710 | Andean Societies | - Second millenium BCE - in the central Andes and Pacific coast of South America - semi/urbanized cultures - economic surplus? | 59 | |
| 213622711 | Oligarchy | A system of government in which a small group holds power | 60 | |
| 213622712 | Republic | A government in which elected representatives make the decisions | 61 | |
| 213622713 | Theocracy | government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god | 62 | |
| 213622714 | Slavery | a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services | 63 | |
| 213622715 | Serfdom | Lords in Eastern Europe revived serfdom to combat increasing economic challenges. Lords demanded that kings and princes issue laws restricting or eliminating peasants' right of moving freely | 64 | |
| 213622716 | Zorastrianism | Monotheistic, Belived in 2 opposite forces. Imperial bureaucracy. The gov't helped the king rule. Tolerant of conquered people | 65 | |
| 213622717 | Torah | the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit | 66 | |
| 213622718 | Talmud | A collection of authoritative Jewish writings that comment and interpret biblical laws. | 67 | |
| 213622719 | Abraham | the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. | 68 | |
| 213622720 | Moses | the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus | 69 | |
| 213622721 | Rig Veda | A collection of 1,017 Sanskrit hymns composed about 1500 BC or earlier; Hinduism's oldest sacred text. | 70 | |
| 213622722 | Hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a | 71 | |
| 213622723 | Upanishads | A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. | 72 | |
| 213622724 | Bhagavada Gita | a portion of the hindu epic mahabharata in which Lord Krishna specifies ways of spiritual process | 73 | |
| 213622725 | Samsara | the Hindu cycle of death and rebirth; in Buddhism means rebirth | 74 | |
| 213622726 | Karma | In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a person's fate in the next life | 75 | |
| 213622727 | Brahama | the main god or creator in Hinduism | 76 | |
| 213622728 | Vishnu | the preserver | 77 | |
| 213622729 | Shiva | destroyer | 78 | |
| 213622730 | Laws of Manu | ancient compliation of teachings from Hindu India, states laws for traditions within family members | 79 | |
| 213622731 | Buddhism | a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire, mainly in Asia, kicked out of India | 80 | |
| 213622732 | 4 Nobel Truths | central teaching of Buddhism, to live is to suffer, suffering is caused by desire, the cessation of suffering can be achieved, the solution is the 8 fold path | 81 | |
| 213622733 | Eight Fold path | eight guides to thought and conduct in the Buddhism religion | 82 | |
| 213622734 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 83 |
